Abalone cultivation technique summary

There are many ways to cultivate abalone. There is a bottom sowing breeding (also known as natural multiplication), there are cage-type cage breeding, as well as industrial breeding and pit breeding. No matter what kind of farming methods, choosing fresh water quality is particularly important. Natural aquaculture conditions (1) Seaweed breeding, rich food. (2) The water is fluent and the proportion of seawater is stable, and it stays above 1.020 for the whole year. (3) The bottom rock is a rock block. (4) It is advisable that there is no industrial pollution in the sea area, there are few predators, and it is advisable that there be no frozen sea in the winter and ice flow in the spring. Seed transport of abalone transport using dry transport and wet transport two methods, generally short-range, short-time dry transport method, and remote, long-distance wet use; transportation is usually used as a plastic abalone attachment base, placed cleaning and disinfection In rigid containers, the abalone that is being transported should be selected to be raised in order to increase the survival rate of transportation. Abalone transportation plans and arrangements should be carefully studied. The dry transportation method should be reasonable in density, not squeezed each other, ensure high humidity, low temperature, regular watering, prevent direct sunlight and rain, and be placed in a cool and ventilated place, transported to the destination regularly. The wet transport method pumps must ensure normal operation, have sufficient seawater, density and sparse, non-overlap, large water flow, small temperature difference, and promptly involve the removal of fecal debris, if the transport time is too long, a small amount of feed should be cast. After being transported, the abalone must be raised for a certain period of time so that it can be revived before it can be removed from the stockpile. The abalone can be used to reduce the water temperature. Ultraviolet sterilization or drug treatment. Breeding methods (1) Subsea cultivation: Put about 2 cm of young abalone into a breeding cage, raise 10-30% of bait, and seal it on the sea floor. You can also place the young abalone directly in the sea area with good natural conditions (multiplication) ). (2) Cocoon-type culture: The juvenile abalone is placed in an abalone breeding cage, then fixed on a floating cage and cultured, feeding regularly, removing fecal impurities, residual baits, scrubbing the sludge, and dredging the water flow. (3) Pond culture: In areas where conditions are available, pools can be built on land, using running water and aerated culture. (4) Factory farming: The abalone breeding room was built, and a cooling system and a heating system were set up to control the water temperature. (5) Pit aquaculture: Intensive farming (which can be referred to as factory culture), which uses the natural conditions in which the tunnel itself has a constant temperature, is treated by treating the water quality. Currently, the city mainly uses the aquaculture and the bottom three sea areas. Two methods of sow breeding: Feed bait breeding must be bait, and the quality of the bait is directly related to the growth rate of abalone.Generally 3mm or so abalone can not eat large algae, mainly rely on the attachment of diatom as food, do not vote at this time The bait, after growing to 5-6 mm, began to eat delicate algae such as Brassica oleifera. As the individual grows, it turns to be mainly large seaweeds. The natural sea area and the number and quantity of bait for breeding depend on the season, summer With high water temperature, seaweed perishable, frondium corruption sinking to the bottom, increased ammonia nitrogen in water, reduced dissolved oxygen, easy to cause deterioration of the culture environment, affect the normal activities of abalone, so at this time every time 2-3 days, bait once, vote for The amount is less, so that it can be eaten in. The autumn season is a season in which the abalone grows faster and needs to be fed with enough fresh bait and fed once every 4-5 days.The water temperature in winter is low and the abalone’s feeding Less, fresh algae soaked in water for 7-8 days will not rot, so feed once every 8-10 days in winter. Note that each feeding should be done after clearing the bait residue and abalone excrement and changing fresh seawater. Hi dried young seaweed, in the absence of fresh seaweed, can be used as bait after soaking in dry algae, and the algae feeding to mix effect is better, in the algae, wakame, leek, vegetables, kelp, horsetail, etc. are Abalone is more like seaweed, the effect of the food is good, the growth rate is fast, and the local resources are rich in seaweed, the test result shows that it is not ideal, has a great influence on the abalone's digestion. Abalone breeding can also be fed artificial feed, when used It should be considered that it contains animal protein and soaks in perishable water, so it shortens the time for taking the bait. The feeding of factory-cultivated abalone or pit abalone is basically the same as the above, except that the factory culture or warm water in the pit is different. The room temperature is relatively constant, so there is a difference in feeding time. Disease Prevention (1) Sea chytridiomycosis: Symptoms: Occurrence of the mantle, upper foot and foot of the diseased abalone Many uplifts and uplifts contain clusters of mycelium Pathogen: Streptomyces mirabilis Control: Prevention: Use 10ppm sodium hypochlorite to kill zoospores in seawater Treatments: Shangyuan Effective treatment methods (2) Bubbles Disease: Symptoms: The bubble-bearing abalone forms a lot of air bubbles under the skin tissue and causes the abalone to float on the surface.Cause: The abalone is intensively cultured, and it is fed under various kinds of algae, under strong light, and when the water flow is not smooth. The seaweed undergoes photosynthesis and produces a large amount of oxygen dissolved in water, sometimes making the dissolved oxygen of water reach 150-200% saturation, which can cause bubble disease in juvenile abalone. This disease is a common disease in abalone cultivation, and both are susceptible to secondary infection. Algae solitary bacteria, causing more serious consequences Prevention and treatment: 1 when feeding a large number of seaweed should avoid strong light, and increase the amount of water in the abalone tank, can also use the oxygen content below the saturation of water for aquaculture water , can prevent the bubble disease.2 can also reduce the breeding water temperature, so that gradually recover the disease abalone.There are many abalone diseases, it is reported that there are gold worm disease, only female worm disease, and muscle dystrophy, etc. Some of the multi-disease pathogens can be revealed, but still in the exploratory prevention, see the end of the report.

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