The traditional grain production mainly uses the seeds and fruits of crops. Most straws are discarded and burned on the spot, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. The development of crop straw feed processing technology is of great significance to the full use of agricultural natural resources, the promotion of the development of ecological agriculture in China and the enhancement of the benefits of agricultural aquaculture. Most of the crop straws have low crude protein quality, high crude fiber content, and lignin that is not easily digested by livestock. The content of nitrogen-free extracts is high, mainly hemicellulose and uronic acid. Some straws are hard and poor in palatability, and the feed intake of livestock and poultry is low. However, after the straws are treated with methods such as silage, ammoniation and biochemical fermentation, they can degrade lignin, reduce crude fiber content, and increase nutritional value and utilization. Rate, digestibility, enhance palatability. The test data showed that the crude protein content of corn stalks was increased from 13.4% to 4.42% to 11.8% to 13.46% after shredding and aminating. The crude protein was increased to 13.82% and the crude fiber was 33.4% after biochemical fermentation. Reduced to 16.72%. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, protein, neutral and acidic detergent fibers in the straw straw after processing can reach the same level as high-quality forage grass, and the feed rate of cattle and sheep is increased by 40% to 43%. Feed intake increased by 20% to 40%. For many years, domestic agricultural researchers have devoted themselves to the research and development of crop straw feed. Many achievements have been made, and their technological processes and mechanical equipment have also been continuously improved. Currently crop straw feed processing technology and machinery and equipment are mainly the following: 1. Silage. First cut the straw into small pieces of 10 centimeters long, pulverize them into 2 to 3 centimeters long, lay them layer by layer in the silo, and add appropriate amount of corn flour and wheat husk according to the demand of various livestock for energy feed. Concentrates such as rice bran and rice bran are repeatedly compacted on each floor and then sealed with thin mud. After 30 days, they can be used for feeding. The storage period can be stored for half a year. Processing facilities are mainly grinders. Most of the harvesting methods in the south are manual picking, harvesting, transporting, and mechanical chopping. In the North and North China regions, corn stalk recovery combine harvesters have been applied, which can complete picking, packing, and chopping and stacking operations. Second, ammonia treatment. Ammoxidation can increase the nutritional value of straw feed. Ammonia treatment should pay attention to the following points: (1) straw can be crushed into straw powder (similar to rough boring). (2) The depth of the ammoniated storage pit shall not exceed 2 meters, and the ammoniated feed shall be 75 kg per cubic meter. The proportion of urea is: feed: water: urea = 100: (30 ~ 40): (3.5 ~ 4.5), 30cm of straw powder is sprayed in proportion to the configured urea solution, each layer is compacted, when the straw powder exceeds When the cellar is parabolic, it is fully compacted and then capped with a plastic film. Finally, it is compacted with wet soil. How much to open and how much to feed the cellar, how much to take, seal the cellar mouth after use, remove the ammoniated feed to dry for 1 to 2 days before feeding the livestock. At present, China has developed and produced special straw ammoniation processing machinery. This machine longitudinally decomposes the fiber material through rubbing and impact, and through the action of a simultaneous chemical treatment agent, the lignin is dissolved, the hemicellulose is hydrolyzed and degraded, and the digestibility of the straw is improved. After treatment, the nitrogen content of straw increased by 1.4 times, the digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber reached 70% and 64.4%, and the feed intake increased by 48%, and the milk yield increased by 20.7%. Third, biochemical fermentation processing. After the straw is crushed by a pulverizer, a fermenting agent is added, mixed evenly, filled into a plastic bag, compacted in a water tank or a concrete tank, sealed, and softened and matured. Biochemicals are similar to the slag produced by the breweries, ie, "bread and butter"-like substances. In the process of biochemical fermentation, straw can effectively degrade crude fiber and biochemically convert it to synthesize amino acids, fatty acids, bacterial proteins and vitamins, and produce special flavors such as yeast and sour, thus improving the palatability and nutritional value of straw. Biochemical fermentation feed also contains a variety of intestinal beneficial microorganisms and a variety of antibiotic-producing strains, which have therapeutic effects on common respiratory diseases of livestock and poultry, and can improve disease immunity and increase digestion. The bio-fermented straw feed can be directly fed into the livestock and poultry feed, and can also be made into a full-price pellet feed using a small-scale feed processing unit. This results in better results. Researchers from the Institute of Microbiology, Xinhua County, Hunan Province, used a microbial mixed fermentation method to develop a fermented feed conditioner product. The agent is made of more than 20 kinds of beneficial microorganisms such as yeasts, molds and edible fungi with rich nutritional value as the raw materials. It is processed through a unique process. Competing experiments conducted by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission entrusted by Hunan Agricultural University and other units on high-, middle-, and low-level feeds and rural conventional feeds show that a pig uses about 1 kilogram of the product from full moon to slaughter (over 90 kg), which is equivalent to the medium-level feed conditions. Pigs can grow about 10 kilograms more than their counterparts. Raising pigs under the same rough feed conditions can increase about 15 kilograms more than the comparison, and can reduce food feed consumption by 20%. Each pig can get a profit of about 100 yuan more, raising the number of pigs. Pig growth rate greatly reduces feed costs. This achievement has been included in Hunan province and national key new product promotion projects by the Hunan Science and Technology Commission, the Planning Commission and the national five ministries and commissions. Fourth, straw mixed pellet feed processing technology. In the past, straw feeds were generally processed into powder and then fed into the feed. There were drawbacks such as inconvenient feeding, poor palatability, picky food, and low utilization rate. With the advent and popularity of new small-sized particle machines, it is now possible to conveniently dispose of powder feeds for pellet feeds. This small particle feed processing machine sells for only about 3,000 yuan. It can be powered by lighting electricity. The powdered feed is gelatinized at high temperatures. The pellets are discharged from the die hole under the pressure of the pressure roller. The pellets can be easily adjusted. The size of the particle size, its simple structure, suitable for rural farming families and small professional feed factory equipped. Straw feed has many advantages when it is processed into pelleted feed. (1) During the production process, under the pressure of the machine itself, the temperature can reach 80 ~ 10 °C, which can make the starch in feed have a certain degree of ripening, produce a strong scent, and the feed texture is hard, in line with pigs, cattle, sheep The nematode traits improve feed palatability and are easy to eat. (2) The particle formation process can denature the trypsin-resistance factors in grains and beans; reduce the adverse effects on digestion, kill various parasite eggs and other pathogenic microorganisms, and reduce various parasites and digestive systems. disease. (3) Convenient feeding, high utilization rate, convenient control of feeding amount, saving of feed, clean and sanitary. Especially fish farming, because pellet feed dissolves very slowly in water, will not be submerged in mud, can reduce waste.