Gongju is one of China's six major medicinal chrysanthemums. During the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Huangshan offered "Yellow Mountain Chrysanthemum Dry" to cure the red eye in Beijing's Forbidden City and was dubbed "Gong Ju." In recent years, as people's demand for safe foods and health foods has increased, chrysanthemum has gradually moved from pure Chinese herbal medicines to the health beverage market. The only medicinal chrysanthemum planted in higher mountain areas is favored by urban consumers. 1. Characteristics Geishi, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, is a perennial herb. Plant height 60-150cm, stem erect, multi-spotted; leaf ovate to lanceolate; flower oblate, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, white or almost white, no glandular, tubular flowers less. Chun'an County is suitable for planting in areas with an elevation of 300-600m, an annual rainfall of 1600mm or more, and a frost-free period of 230 days or more. From March to March, new shoots were produced. The seedlings began to branch after 50 cm in height. The buds began in mid-September, blossomed in the middle and early October, and entered the flowering stage in late October. The flowering period was 30 to 40 days. After winter, the stems and leaves of the ground dead, and the roots in the soil pumped underground stems. The following spring, sprouted new shoots and grew into new strains. General mother plants can live 3 to 4 years. 2. Cultivation Techniques 2.1 Site preparation Site preparation According to the GAP standard for the production base of Chinese herbal medicines, in the areas where air, water, and soil are not polluted from 400 to 600 meters, the terrain is high-dry, sunny, soil is loose, the soil is deep, and drainage is good. The neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam soil is built at the production base. In the winter, it is necessary to deepen the sun and change the soil and pests. Before planting, plunge about 25cm deep, combine soil preparation with compost or composting 30t/hm2 per acre, and turn it into soil for base fertilizer. Then level off and open the drainage ditch around. 2.2 The cultivation of strong seedling production uses multiple seed propagation methods to cultivate strong seedlings. After the chrysanthemum is harvested, select plants that are robust, well-developed, flowering, and free of pests and diseases. Cut the shoots on the ground and remove the litter to destroy them in different places. Then cover the roots with fertilizer. You can also dig up the root and move it to another place, planting it on a fertile plot of land, covering it with mature manure or ash to keep it warm for the winter. In the second year of the year from March to April, the cover was opened and a thin layer of manure, livestock, and feces water was poured to promote sprouting. 2.3 Reasonable planting At the end of March to early April, select the cloudy or sunny evening to transplant the ramets. One day before transplanting, the seedbed was irrigated, and whole plants and roots were excavated. The single plants with roots were divided along the seedlings, and seedlings with thick stems and fibrous roots were selected and transplanted with soil to Daejeon. Planted in large and small rows, suitable for field ventilation and agricultural operations. Large row spacing 80cm, small row spacing 40cm, spacing 35cm, 1 per hole, density 45000/hm2. 2.4 Fertilizer Water Management Fertilization Principles: Applying basal fertilizer, lightly applying seedling fertilizer, topdressing branching fertilizer and reusing budding fertilizer. During transplanting, human fecal urine 15 t/hm2 or urea 150 ?/hm2 was used for watering; branching fertilizers were applied in conjunction with topping; the amount and frequency were determined by the growth of the seedlings; at the end of August, the budding buds of Gongju were used. At the peak of fertilizer application, compound fertilizer 225～300?/hm2 or urea 225?/hm2 plus superphosphate 150?/hm2 watering and pouring should be applied to increase the number of buds, increase flower buds, flowering neatly, and increase yield and quality. . 2.5 Timely playing of the top of the Gongju can inhibit the leggyness of plants, make the main stem thick, reduce lodging, increase branching, and increase flower yield. A total of 3 to 5 times during the growth period should be selected sunny. The exact time and number of times depends on the condition of the seedlings and the weather, but the time for the last topping should not exceed the end of August, otherwise it will affect the flowering period and yield. Topping should be combined with cultivator, fertilization, and drought. 2.6 Diseases and Insect Control Newly developed areas of Gongju are lighter, and only leaf spot and downy mildew are prevented before transplanting. The medicine is carbendazim and thiophanate. Gongju pests are mainly aphids and are generally controlled by dimethoate and pyrethroid pesticides. Production must strictly control the amount of application and safety intervals, and eliminate the use of high toxicity and high retention pesticides. 3. Harvesting and Processing According to the requirements of the market for the color of flowers, Gongju is usually harvested at the appropriate time from late October to November. Specifically, when the tubular flower spreads 2/3, choose sunny morning dew and dry it. After retrieving, spread the paving on the drying device and dry it in a baking room. Generally, charcoal or anthracite is used in a smoke-free state. The temperature inside the drying room is controlled between 45°C and 50°C. When baking, the flowers are spread thinly on bamboo curtains. When the first round is dried to 90% dry, Turn into the second round, 30 °C ~ 40 °C, when the suit is baked to ivory white, you can remove from the drying room, and then set the ventilated dry place to dry. In the aspects of picking, transportation, distribution, processing and warehousing, according to the GAP, the quality of Gongju products is strictly controlled.
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