Strains are the basis for the production of edible fungi, and only fine strains may have a good harvest. The strains are generally divided into three types: mother seed, original seed or cultivar. Regardless of which strains are produced, the key to sterility should be emphasized and the operation must be strictly in accordance with the aseptic technique requirements. First, the production process of the mother species, the original species, cultivars 1. Mother species: The mother species is a first-class strain, and its production generally goes through the following processes: medium preparation -> medium sterilization - → fruit body separation or mushroom separation or spore separation - → culture - -→ Twist purification culture - → mother. 1 mother culture medium preparation. Different culture media should be formulated according to the different nutritional requirements of different edible fungi. Commonly used formulas are: Formula 1: Potato dextrose agar medium (pda medium for short): potato (ie, potato) 200g, glucose 20g, agar (solidifying agent) 20g: Formula 2: potato sucrose agar medium (psa medium) : Potato 200g, agar 20g, water 1000ml, sucrose 20g; Formula 3: potato Carrot agar (pca medium): potato 20g, carrot 25g, agar 20g, water 1000ml: Formula 4: potato agar medium (pa medium ): Potato 250--00g, agar 20g, water 1000ml. 2 mother species separation. That is, the fruit body of the edible fungi, the mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, and the mycin are generally separated or separated by mushrooms or sporulated, and then cultured on a medium to obtain a mother seed. 3 mother breed expansion culture. The limited number of mothers obtained by the above methods often fails to meet the production needs, and thus it is necessary to expand a batch of mothers for production by inoculation. 2. The original species: The original species is also called the second species, which is the species that is inoculated into the bottle or plastic bag from the mother species and cultivated. The purpose of making the original species is to expand the seed quantity to meet the production needs; second, to allow the mycelium to adapt to various straw materials and to produce various enzymes while adapting; thirdly, during the cultivation process It can also test the vitality and purity of strains and save them. By inoculation, one parent species can be expanded to 3--5 bottles of original species. Now briefly introduce several kinds of original culture medium formula: 1Sawdust medium: sawdust (broadleaf tree) 78%, rice sugar (or wheat bran) 20%, sugar (brown sugar or white sugar, the same below) 1%, gypsum powder 1%, Water amount; 2 Cottonseed husk culture medium: 78% cotton husk, 20% wheat bran or rice bran, 1% gypsum powder, 1% sugar, proper amount of water; 3 sawdust corn flour culture medium; sawdust (broadleaf tree) 90%, corn Powder 8%, sugar 1%, gypsum powder 1%, water amount; 4 rice straw medium: straw 78%, rice bran or bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%; 5 sawdust, cotton shell mix Medium: sawdust 40%, cotton seed shell 40%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum powder 1%, sugar 1%, water amount; 6 Liquor culture medium: 40% dried distiller's grains, 40% cotton seed shell (or sawdust), Wheat bran 18%, lime 1%, sugar 1%, water amount. 3. Cultivated species: Cultivated species are directly used for production of cultivated species, also known as tertiary strains or production species. The cultivar needs more than the original species. The medium formulation and preparation method used is the same as that of the original species. The original species of the full bottle is inoculated into the cultivar species bottle or film bag to obtain the cultivated species. Generally each bottle can be expanded 60--100 bottles of cultivars. Second, the conditions required for strain production Sterile room: The sterile room should not be too large, 4--6 square meters. Attached to the sterile room should also be a 1--2 square meter buffer room. Drugs or UV lamps can be used to sterilize it. 2. Sterile box: Also called inoculation box. Sizes and specifications are based on specific conditions, such as single-person, double-person, and 4-person. General double operation is more common. Rural professional households can make a single-person operation. 3. Inoculation tools; commonly used inoculation tools are alcohol lamps, inoculators and so on. Inoculators include inoculation shovels, inoculation spoons, inoculation hooks, and the like. 4. Medicines: 1 alcohol. In addition to the burning of alcohol lamps, it is mainly used for disinfection of hands and inocula. 2 formaldehyde. Normally formulated as a 37% solution, formalin is used to sterilize inoculation boxes. 3Stone carbonic acid, also called phenol, is usually sprayed with 5% aqueous solution for disinfection of inoculation boxes and sterile rooms, or formulated as 0.5%--1% solution for washing dishes, tables, and work clothes to achieve Purpose of disinfection. 4 bleach. 10g of bleach powder is usually used to add 140ml of water, the supernatant is taken after 1 to 2 hours of quiescence, and the sterile room is sterilized by spraying. 5 beijing extinction. The commonly used 0.25% solution is used to sterilize skin and utensils that cannot be autoclaved. It can also be used for spray disinfection of inoculation and sterile rooms. III. Sterilization and Sterilization Because of the presence of microorganisms everywhere in nature, such as air, all raw materials, water, and the surfaces of all utensils and utensils, these microorganisms are all harmful bacteria to the species of edible fungi, which are commonly referred to as Bacteria. The strains we produce must not be infected with bacteria, so they must be strictly sterilized. 1. Heat Sterilization Method: One method that has been commonly used in recent years is the one-time atmospheric pressure sterilization method, which requires simple equipment, low investment, and low cost, and is suitable for rural use in China. This method only needs to build a pot, buy a big pot, do a few steamers on it. Put the articles to be sterilized into the steamer, start from the upper air and keep cooking for 6-8 hours to achieve the purpose of sterilization. 2. Ultraviolet sterilization method: Open UV lamp 30--40 minutes, basically up to the purpose of sterilization, and the distance from the irradiated object should not exceed 1.2m. Pay attention to the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays on the human body, so you cannot use your eyes to look directly at the open UV light, nor can you work on the light.
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