1 buckwheat high-yield cultivation technology
1.1 Analysis of climatic conditions
The growth habits of buckwheat prefer a cool climate and are suitable for growing in areas with large temperature differences between day and night and very light. At the same time, the frost-free period is required to exceed 110d, the average temperature is around 20°C, and the total annual sunshine time is required to be more than 2500h. The water source, the atmosphere and the soil have strict requirements to ensure high-yield and high-quality planting of buckwheat. .
1.2 Analysis of soil conditions
In the cultivation of buckwheat, the requirements for soil conditions during growth are not high, and sandy loam and loam can be used. It requires high terrain, sufficient sunshine, good ventilation and convenient drainage. On the same plot, continuous planting is generally not recommended. It should be planted with crops such as buckwheat, sweet potato and cruciferous, which can effectively increase the production of buckwheat and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
1.3 preparation
Before buckwheat is planted, it is usually necessary to carry out deep ploughing operations on the block fields after the autumn harvest of other crops, which is conducive to the soil water storage and conservation, and the need to clean up the weeds in the field. Before the second year of planting, Carry out deep ploughing, rotary tillage and fine boring work to ensure the fineness and smoothness of the soil, which is more conducive to the development of sowing. At the same time, in areas where irrigation is more convenient, the whole work should be done well, and the size of the concrete is determined according to the actual terrain to ensure that it is easy to irrigate.
1.4 Fertilization
Although buckwheat is resistant to barrenness, it still needs to be applied to the base fertilizer in order to obtain high yield and high quality. 1000 kg m2 of farmyard manure is applied per 667 m2 as a base fertilizer, and 5 kg of urea, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate or the like is applied as a base fertilizer, and the time of fertilization is usually applied once in the course of soil preparation.
1.5 sowing
Seed treatment needs to be done, and various factors such as climate, soil, variety characteristics and planting management need to be considered when planting. In order to ensure that the seedlings are soaked for 3~4h before sowing, and germination for 10h in the environment of 20~25°C. When planting, ensure that the temperature of the soil is above 10~15 °C. In areas with strong winds or drought, or in case of early seeding, you can use mulch or gully sowing. In areas where the groundwater level is high and precipitation is high, ridge planting techniques should be used.
Choose the right method of planting. In the process of sowing sow, it is necessary to choose the method of spreading, seeding, seedling transplanting and hole sowing according to the difference of regional and block field conditions. In the process of artificial spreading, the seeds should be evenly mixed with the fried millet to ensure uniform seeding; in the process of hole sowing, the depth of seeding should be consistent, the row spacing is controlled at 30~40cm, and the plant spacing is between 20~30cm. . In the case of good sensation, the depth of seed sowing should be controlled at about 2cm. If the sensation is poor, the depth of sowing should be appropriately deepened, and generally cannot exceed 5cm. Corrosion measures are taken after sowing to allow the seeds and soil to bind more tightly.
Control the amount and density of seeding. During the sowing of buckwheat, the density of sowing depends on the variety and the method of sowing. In humid and cold areas, the seeding rate per 667m2 is 300~350g, the seedling should be about 4500; in arid and semi-arid areas, the seeding should be 350~500g, for the southern area, the seeding should be 500g If the seedling is in the form of hole-seeding, the row spacing is 60~80cm, the plant spacing is 15~25cm, and the seedlings are planted with 3~5 grains of buckwheat seeds at each hole. The thickness of the cover soil layer is between 1.0~2.0, every 667m2. The seeding rate is 60g.
2 Buckwheat planting field management
2.1 Replenishing seedlings
After the buckwheat is planted, after the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to do a good job of filling the seedlings in time. In the process of replanting, the methods of soaking seeds and germination and transplanting are usually adopted. After replenishing the seedlings, a small amount of water needs to be poured, and the fine soil is used to seal the holes. When 5 to 6 leaves are emerged after emergence, the removal of diseased and weak seedlings should be done, and seedlings can be fixed in 8 to 10 leaves. The seeding method has 1~2 seedlings per hole to ensure the seedlings are strong.
2.2 Do a good job of weeding measures
In the process of buckwheat planting, weeding is an important issue. Before planting, the characteristics of buckwheat are fully considered, and chemical weeding cannot be adopted. In the process of growing buckwheat, manual weeding is adopted. When 5 to 6 leaves of buckwheat are used, the soil measures are carried out. When the plant height reaches 80-100 cm, the second weeding is carried out to promote the growth of buckwheat. According to the situation of buckwheat and weeds, the third cultivating and weeding was selected.
2.3 Irrigation, topdressing and pest control
The irrigation and topdressing of buckwheat needs to consider the conditions and climate of buckwheat cultivation, combined with the actual growth of buckwheat. Pests and diseases are the main factors causing the reduction of buckwheat. Therefore, it should be combined with the actual occurrence of underground pests. Before planting, use the appropriate chemicals and mix well before applying. Spray the corresponding bactericidal insecticides against the disease and some insect pests.
Buckwheat has certain requirements for the growing environment and is suitable for growing in an environment with high altitude. Therefore, if you want to obtain high yield in planting, the first choice is to choose the right planting area, followed by strengthening water and fertilizer management.
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