Soil testing results do not lack phosphate fertilizer application is still valid

A young farmer in Jinzhou City, Hebei Province, contracted 120 acres of wheat last year. He learned from the rural radio that the government had called on farmers to implement soil testing and formula fertilization. So he went to the agrotechnical promotion station specifically before sowing wheat and found agronomist of the Soil Fertilizer Branch to specifically consult the local soil nutrient before planting wheat. Test results, technical problems of formula fertilization.

Regarding soil testing, it is first to ascertain the supply status of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the local soil. Agronomists told the farmer that the availability of available nitrogen and potassium for the plough layer of wheat in the local wheat field was moderate, and the level of available phosphorus was high. When calculating the amount of fertilizer according to this soil test result, first of all, what is the target output of winter wheat? According to local farmers' average yield of winter wheat of 420 kilograms in recent years, the farmer put forward the goal of obtaining 450 kilograms per hectare of winter wheat. The agronomist calculated the principle of soil testing and formula fertilization. When the agronomist simply calculated the results of the soil tests, the result was that winter wheat had 10 kilograms of pure nitrogen and 5 kilograms of pure potassium oxide for the annual fertilization, and the phosphorus fertilizer could not be applied. However, the agronomist suggested that he should appropriately apply phosphate fertilizer as a seed fertilizer based on the effect of actual fertilization in local wheat production over the years.

The farmer listened to the advice of agronomists. During the winter wheat planting, 5 kg/mu of phosphorus diammonium was applied as a seed fertilizer for most of the farmland, leaving a small plot of farmland without phosphate fertilizer as a control, while other management measures were implemented. same. At the time of this year's harvest, the farmer compared the yield of winter wheat. He found that the agronomist was right, that the 5kg/mu phosphorus fertilizer was really effective, and there was a difference in the yield of phosphate fertilizer. However, he did not know the reason. Why did the soil test results lack phosphorus in the wheat fields and the application of phosphate fertilizer was still effective?

Expert Comments: Analysis of this case shows that when the soil test results show that the soil is not deficient in phosphorus, if the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer is applied properly, there is still a fertilizer effect. For winter wheat, a small amount of phosphate fertilizer has a significant effect. One of the reasons is that the seedling stage of winter wheat is in the low temperature season, and the low temperature reduces the release of soil phosphorus, while the wheat seedling stage is the sensitive period of phosphorus fertilizer, which requires the soil to provide high phosphorus. Therefore, even if there is no phosphorus deficiency in the soil test results, phosphorus should be supplemented properly and a small amount of phosphorus fertilizer should be applied near the root of the wheat seedlings. The effect is very good. In this way, the wheat seedlings can be neat and robust, have cold resistance, be able to pass through the winter, and have more effective tillering, laying the foundation for the next year's high yield. The second reason is that the method used for soil testing is a chemical method. The measured results cannot directly reflect the actual amount of phosphorus in the soil, and can only be used as a reference for formula fertilization. If the soil testing parameters are simply added or subtracted, the calculated fertilizer application amount will not be verified for the actual fertilizer application, which is not satisfactory.

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