First, the physiological structure of poultry
Poultry reproduction is oocyte. Ovum excreted mature eggs, through the fallopian tube umbrella, a brief stay in the fallopian tube, into the protein secretion department, after the formation of egg whites descend into the isthmus, the formation of protein film, shell lining, and then into the uterus. During this period of time, uterine fluid was injected to nearly double the weight of the egg, and finally the eggshell was excreted through the vagina.
About one hour after the egg is excreted, the next egg is discharged. The egg stays in the fallopian tube for 34 minutes. The protein secretion department takes 3 hours, and the isthmus needs 74 minutes. The uterine department needs 18 to 20 hours, and the vagina generally passes less than 10 minutes. Egg formation takes 24 to 26 hours.
Second, the impact of respiratory diseases on egg production
Poultry breathing mainly depends on air stasis, followed by the lungs. The stasis is distributed in the thoraco-abdominal cavity of the poultry body. It is a multi-layered membrane structure. It exchanges oxygen in the air through microscopic blood vessels and is therefore affected by the outside world. The environment is bad. The pathogenic microorganisms are suspended in the air and pollute drinking water and feed. At the same time ammonia, sulfur dioxide, dust, dust stimulation, can cause respiratory tract infections, so that pathogenic microorganisms invade the capillaries through the lung lymphatic vessels, causing bacteremia or sepsis. At the same time, the entire physiologic defense system is damaged, and the epithelial cells of the respirator are villous. A large number of pathogenic microorganisms reproduce here. Infection of the ovaries and fallopian tubes under certain conditions affects normal physiological functions and causes inflammation, leading to ovarian dysfunction that impedes egg development. As a result, the formation time of an egg was significantly prolonged, and clinically there was a drop in egg production. When causing salpingitis, the root cause of the degradation of the eggshell and egg weight is such that the formation of egg white and eggshell is hindered. Inevitably eggshell pigmentation is hindered, resulting in eggshell, egg shell, shellless eggs, yin and yang eggs, white shell eggs (referring to the brown eggs) eggshell quality decline.
Third, malnutrition
Only a steady supply of nutrients can meet the normal formation of eggs during the laying of eggs. When diseases occur, the feed intake of birds decreases or their feed intake changes little, but diarrhea prevents the nutrition from meeting the needs of the body and causing follicular development. Obstructed, can not discharge normal mature eggs, egg production decreased. The fallopian tube does not normally secrete egg white protein, which causes the eggs to decrease in size and egg weight.
During the hot season, the temperature is high and feed intake is reduced. The birds drink heat from their own drinking water and the metabolism is intensified. More maintenance needs are needed. As a result, the egg-laying nutrients are reduced, follicular development is arrested, egg white protein cannot be formed normally, egg production is reduced, egg weight is reduced, and egg production is decreased.
Sudden refuelling stress triggered glandular gastritis resulting in decreased feed intake.
Fourth, stress, hormones
When a bird is under stress, the body adapts to strong or prolonged stress. In the early stages, the body will first produce adrenal medullary hormone, which will cause the body to enter a short-term stress state. Followed by the production of adrenal cortical hormone, the body into a long-term severe stress, interfere with the regulation of normal secretion of the hypothalamus, so that the body's ovulation inducer and oxytocin secretion is reduced, the follicle can not normally develop and mature, resulting in decreased egg production.
Excessive follicle stimulating hormone and ovulation inducing hormones caused eggshell mass to decline at the time and eventually resulted in decreased egg production.
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