Vegetable pollution-free fertilization is the key

After extensive use of chemical fertilizers, many places, including vegetable growers in western Sichuan, have become very dependent on chemical fertilizers.

Production of pollution-free vegetables, fertilization principles. Grasping the principle of fertilization for the production of pollution-free vegetables can ensure that the highly carcinogenic substances, nitrates and other harmful substances in vegetables do not exceed the standards.

What are the fertilization principles for pollution-free vegetable production?

Is to rely mainly on organic fertilizer, supplemented by other fertilizers; mainly multi-component fertilizer, supplemented by single-element fertilizer; mainly based on Shiji fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing.

When applying chemical fertilizers, you must master the following principles: The use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited. If applied, the dosage per acre should be controlled under 25 kg.

Fertilizers must be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers in a ratio of 2:1. The time for the last application of chemical fertilizers should be 30 days before harvest.

Using these principles, we must pay attention to the following issues in fertilization:

1, human fecal urine to fully ferment and decompose, top-flushing with water after flushing.

2. Fertilizers should be deepened and applied early. Deep application can avoid the volatilization of fertilizers and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen. Early application will help the plants to grow quickly and prolong the efficiency of the fertilizer. When fertilizing, ammonium nitrogen is applied to soil below 6 cm, and urea should be applied to soil below 10 cm.

3, should be applied with biological nitrogen fertilizer, increased phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. The application of biological nitrogen fertilizer can effectively solve the phenomenon of soil compaction caused by the use of chemical fertilizers; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have a very significant effect on enhancing the stress resistance of vegetables.

4, according to the types of vegetables and cultivation conditions for flexible fertilization. Different types of vegetables, there is a great difference in the degree of nitrate accumulation, leaf vegetables are generally higher than fruit vegetables. Nitrate content of the same vegetable under different climatic conditions is also different. Generally, nitrate accumulation is less under high temperature and strong light, and nitrate is easy to accumulate under low temperature and low light. In the process of fertilization, the types of vegetables, cultivation season and climatic conditions should be taken into consideration. A reasonable amount of fertilizer should be mastered to ensure that the nitrate content is within the stipulated range of pollution-free vegetables.

It is worth mentioning that the most important basal fertilizer used in fertilization has been applied properly and has made important contributions to the production of pollution-free vegetables.

For the production of pollution-free vegetables, the base fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizers, and appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers should be mixed. The amount of basal fertilizer should account for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilizer applied to the crop. Among them, organic fertilizers such as plant residue fertilizers or soil miscellaneous fertilizers, mineral phosphate fertilizers, and plant ash are used as base fertilizers, and other fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers.

In determining the variety and quantity of basal fertilizer, special attention should be paid to the following points:

1, to prevent causing fertilizer concentration barriers. If excessive fertiliser is used as base fertilizer, it can cause local high-concentration fertilizer barriers. The organic fertilizer is slow and has a large buffering capacity. Even if it is applied in large quantities, concentration barriers rarely occur. Therefore, when the total amount of vegetable base fertilizer is insufficient, it can only be satisfied by increasing the amount of organic fertilizer.

2, use less nitrate and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. The vegetables are nitric acid nitrogen crops, but the nitrate nitrification fertilizers applied to the soil are not easily absorbed by the soil, and are easily leached by rain or irrigation. Therefore, it is not appropriate to make a large amount of basal fertilizer; too much ammonium ammonium nitrification fertilizer will cause serious fertility obstacles. The phenomenon of leaf yellowing or atrophy appeared. At the same time, it will also affect the absorption of calcium and magnesium fertilizers by crops, and it is not suitable for large-scale basal fertilizers. Therefore, it is better to use amide nitrogen fertilizer (urea). In nitrogen fertilizers, 70% of crop nitrogen is supplied as base fertilizer and 30% is topdressing. Fertilizers should account for 3/5 of the 30% nitrogen fertilizer used as top dressing. Organic nitrogen fertilizers such as human feces and urine are used as top dressing only at the initial stage of planting of vegetable crops.

3, phosphate fertilizer should be all as base fertilizer. In general, the absorption of P fertilizer by vegetables is 25-30 when nitrogen is 100. The key period for the need for phosphate fertilizer in vegetable production is in the early stage of fertility. If the phosphate fertilizer is insufficient at seedling stage, even if a large amount of phosphate fertilizer is added later, the yield will still be reduced.

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Fertilization and medication are equally important in vegetable cultivation. Improper fertilization may still cause damage and pollution to vegetables, and thus become unsafe foods that affect people's health. With this concept and technical issues, peasant friends are highly valued.

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