The demand for NPK in the whole growth period of watermelon is the highest in potassium, the second in nitrogen, and the lowest in phosphorus. The ratio is about 3.3:1:4.3, but the demand and absorption ratios of the three are different in different growth stages. The amount of fertilizer required for the stretched vine period is small, accounting for about 15% of the total fertilizer requirement. It is mainly based on vegetative growth, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is large. It is forbidden to apply a single nitrogen fertilizer. In the result period, the most fertilizer was needed, accounting for 85% of the total fertilizer requirement, of which 78% was absorbed during the fruit expansion period, and the proportion of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was mainly increased by reproductive growth.
Watermelon fertilizer is mainly divided into two major categories: base fertilizer and topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly to meet the growth requirements of the early seedlings, promote vine growth, flower bud differentiation, and seedling strong seedling; topdressing can be divided into root topdressing and foliar topdressing, root Topdressing is the dominant factor, and foliar topdressing is used as a supplement.
When applying the base fertilizer first, it is necessary to select the appropriate type and amount to meet the growth of the melon seedlings. The growth rate of the watermelon seedlings is fast, and the demand for nutrients is large. The nutrients required include a large amount of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and medium and trace elements. Calcium, boron, zinc, etc., as well as rich organic matter, therefore, when selecting the base fertilizer, it is necessary to add various fertilizers such as compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer. If the nutrient of the base fertilizer is insufficient, the growth of the melon seedlings is slow and the nutrient accumulation is insufficient, resulting in short growth period, weak growth and less flowering results, which seriously affect the yield and quality of the watermelon and reduce the production efficiency.
Secondly, the application of topdressing is divided into foliar topdressing and root topdressing. Foliar topdressing is mainly to supplement boron, zinc, potassium, calcium and other nutrients, effectively preventing malformations, cracked melons and other undesirable phenomena. Therefore, it is recommended to use triacontanol + calcium fertilizer + boron fertilizer 5-7 days before the first female flower is flowered, supplement the boron fertilizer to promote the flower to reduce the deformity; after the melon, use the triacontanol + calcium fertilizer + potassium fertilizer to promote the fruit Growing, reducing cracked melons and deformed melons.
Root topdressing as the main method of topdressing should be adjusted according to the characteristics of fertilizer required in different periods of watermelon, which can be mainly divided into stretching manure, expanding melon fertilizer, coloring fertilizer, turning seedling (rejuvenation) fertilizer, and subsequent expanding melon fertilizer.
1. Reinforcing manure: After the planting is completed, the supply of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and the quick-acting fertilizer should be used to promote the seedlings and expand the leaf area. And the development of female flowers is mainly carried out in the vine-growing stage. Therefore, the cultivation should be based on “promotingâ€, accelerate the growth of stems and leaves, enlarge the leaf area, increase the accumulation of assimilation, form a nutrient system, and promote the formation and development of flower organs.
The good and bad management of watermelon vines determines the early and late flowering period, the management of fertilizer and water in the vine season is good, the vine grows vigorously, and enters the flowering and melon stage early; therefore, it is recommended to use quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer at this stage. Using the "apply it" to raise the seedlings, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the effect of stretching the vine is remarkable.
2. Expanded melon fertilizer: The expanded melon fertilizer is especially important in the process of topdressing watermelon. The young melon is sold from the melon to the mature, and the time is short, and the root of the melon stage is not supplemented with fertilizer and water, and the melon is applied after the melon is stable. 7-20 days after sitting on the melon is the rapid growth period of the young melon, so when using the expanded melon fertilizer, you should choose the quick-acting water soluble fertilizer.
When 60-70% of the young melon grows to the size of an adult fist, the fertilizer is supplemented with nitrogen, potassium, and phosphate fertilizer. The potassium fertilizer is the most demanded, followed by nitrogen fertilizer. Balance plant nutrients, improve root activity, promote the absorption of nutrients by roots, and expand fruit and fruit.
3. Coloring fertilizer: The coloring fertilizer is used in the first batch of watermelon for about 20 days or six to seven mature. The fertilizer is mainly potassium fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled. The high nitrogen fertilizer will affect the watermelon. Taste and quality. With drip irrigation, root growth can be promoted, nutrient utilization can be improved, sugar accumulation can be promoted, sweetening and coloring can be promoted, cracked melon can be effectively prevented, fruit quality can be improved, and fruit commerciality can be improved. (Remarks: 10 days before fruit picking, avoid root dressing, affecting commerciality)
4, turn seedlings (rejuvenation) fertilizer: the production of a batch of watermelon consumes a large amount of nutrients in the plant, resulting in the gradual decline of the growth of the melon seedlings, so in the first batch of melon harvest to 80% -90% when the nutrient is added to restore growth, The fertilizer is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer. It is recommended to use compound fertilizer + plant growth regulator with water drenching to make up the nutrients to restore the seedlings and promote flowering and fruit setting.
5, the subsequent expansion of melon fertilizer: the stage of sitting melon is relatively scattered, the number of single planted melon is not uniform, starting from the second batch of watermelon expanded melon, fertilized once every 7-10 days, the follow-up top dressing can be appropriately increased according to the condition of the seedling Compound fertilizer, conventional follow-up topdressing can also use compound fertilizer with water drip irrigation. Follow-up fertilizer should pay attention to the seedlings at any time, and the seedlings are weak, and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be used for seedling rejuvenation.
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