One of the common vegetables in the summer of beans, in recent years, with the development of greenhouses, beans have become cultivars in greenhouses. Early spring shed cultivation techniques include variety selection, seedling cultivation, planting, field management, pest control, harvesting, etc. An important technical link. Let's introduce it one by one.
First, the variety selection
Early-maturing, high-quality, high-yield varieties should be selected. The main varieties are purple oil beans, peanut oil beans, and Harbin bean No. 1.
Second, nursery
Seedlings are cultivated in the greenhouse.
1, sowing
The sowing period is generally in the middle and middle of March in the southern region, and in the middle and late March in the northern region. The amount of seeding is 4-5 kg ​​per 667 square meters of transplanted fields, and 100 grams per square meter of seedbed. The soil moisture content of the seedbed should be above 80%, and the soil temperature should be kept above 12 °C before sowing. The temperature is 20-25 °C during the day and 15-16 °C during the night. When sowing, the nutrient meal should be poured through the bottom water. After the water seepage, each nutrient meal is sown with 3 to 4 seeding seeds and covered with soil for 1.5 cm, and then the small arch shed is buckled.
2. Preparation before planting
Preparations before sowing mainly include (1) preparation of seedbeds and preparation of nutrient soil. In the greenhouse, the size of the seedbed should be determined according to the size of the greenhouse, and the nutrient meal should be placed in the nursery bed. The preparation of nutrient soil: use 60% garden soil, 30% decomposed organic fertilizer, 10% decomposed large manure, then add rhizobium fertilizer, long-acting microbial compound fertilizer and mix well. The prepared nutrient soil is then placed in a nutrient bowl having a diameter of 8 cm or 10 cm and a height of 12 cm. (2) Seed treatment When selecting seeds, the seeds are large and full of disease-free dry seeds, soaked in 1% formalin solution for 20 minutes to kill the anthracnose on the surface of the seeds, rinse with water and then dry. (3) 2-3 days before germination, soaking seeds at room temperature for 3-4 hours, and germination at 30 °C for 24 hours.
3. Seedling temperature and water management
After sowing to the emergence temperature of 20-25 ° C during the day 15-16 ° C, after 3-4 days of arch soil, the cotyledons flattened and then the film was cooled. During the daytime, 15-20 °C emerges after 10 days of emergence of true leaves, the true leaves are required to increase the temperature 10 days before planting, 20-25 °C during the day to facilitate flower bud differentiation and root and leaf growth, seedling exercise 10 days before planting, daytime 15-20 °C night 12-15 °C. Since the bean seedlings are more drought-tolerant, after the emergence of the seedlings, the water is properly hydrated according to the growth of the seedlings and the soil moisture, and it is neither too dry nor too wet. The standard of strong seedlings is that the strong seedlings are strong and strong, the roots are developed, 2-3 true leaves, and the seedling age is 30-35 days.
Third, colonization
1. Preparation before planting
(l) Site preparation of base fertilizer Select a flat, sunny plot of land, apply 45-60 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer, and then plow the land for hoeing.
(2) The shed can be shacked 20-25 days before the shed, usually in the middle of February-March, the shed film is made of non-drip anti-aging shed film, and the polyethylene plastic shed film is used for 120 kg per 667 square meters.
2, colonization
(l) Temperature index and heat preservation measures during colonization safety period When the bean is planted in the greenhouse, the soil temperature in the shed must be stable above 10 °C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 8 °C, generally planted in the middle of April. Insulation measures during planting: The inner insulation is double-layered with a small shed in the greenhouse. If necessary, the hood is used to warm the stove. The external insulation is mainly covered with grass rafts around the shed.
(2) Planting method and density dwarf bean, hole spacing 30cm*60cm, acre seedling 8000-10000 plant, vine raw bean is generally planted, 畦 width 1.2cm, each planted double rows, plant spacing 20-25cm, mu seedling 6000 - 8000 strains, vine species can also be mixed with rapeseed and other green leafy vegetables, sorghum cultivation, 畦 畦 1m, each planting double rows, 埯 25cm, row of rapeseed three rows of plant spacing 10cm; Beans pull out the rape before flowering, while inserting Frame vines. Ditching and watering at the time of planting, it is better to wet the soil, and then cover the dry soil.
Fourth, field management
1. Management after planting until flowering and pod formation
(1) After cultivating and cultivating the peas, the cultivating soil should be cultivated and cultivated. The loose soil is conducive to the increase of ground temperature and the growth of roots. Generally, it is ploughed every other week from the time of planting to before flowering. The cultivating should be deep, and the cultivating should be appropriate to the roots and stems. Lateral roots are constantly occurring in the stems of the stems.
(2) Temperature and moisture management Temperature management after planting, keep 20-25 °C during the day, 15-20 °C during the night, enter the flowering period about 20 °C during the day, and 15 °C at night to facilitate normal flowering and pod formation. In terms of water management, since the bean has a certain drought-tolerant ability, it is generally not fertilized and fertilized from colonization to flowering to prevent stems and leaves from growing. When starting to bloom, increase the amount of air to remove the humid air to facilitate pollination, avoid falling flowers, and reduce disease.
(3) The vines should be framed when the vines are pulled out 30cm. If the two rows are planted, the two rows can be combined with the adult characters. The single row planting should be set up or the herringbone frame.
2, the management of the pod period
(1) Fertilizer and water management When the dwarf peas are presented with flower buds, the peas and peas are plucked into the water to promote the rapid growth of the locust pods. Combined with irrigation and chasing diammonium phosphate once, applied at 225-300kg per hectare, once every 7-10 days, each irrigation should not be too large, vine seeds can be irrigated for 10-15 days, and 2-3 times Fertilizer, 150-225 kg of diammonium phosphate each time. The plants are soaked or sprayed with 0.01-0.03% ammonium molybdate. It can promote the early maturity of kidney beans and increase early yield.
(2) Ventilation management Ventilation and ventilation, within one week after planting, generally do not perform ventilation and ventilation, so as to maintain high temperature in the shed to ease the seedlings. When the temperature exceeds 30 °C, it should be ventilated in a short time at noon. It should be kept at about 25 °C from slow seedling to flowering to promote growth. Under the premise of maintaining 20 °C in flowering and pod-forming period, the air volume is large, which is conducive to pollination and fruiting. And the pods are hypertrophied. High temperature and high humidity will cause falling flowers, the humidity should be kept at 75%, and the bottom wind will be placed after the final frost period.
V. Pest Control
1. Disease control Flowering and pod-forming period can be used to prevent rust from 2000-3000 times of powder rust; 600 times liquid 75% chlorothalonil against gray mold, erythema, anthracnose, 5% chlorothalonil dust to control gray mold, anthrax disease.
2, pest control long-term use 1000-1500 times 40% dimethoate control aphids, the fruiting period with 2000-3000 times 40% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate or 3000-4000 times speed killing Ding control against cabbage caterpillar, cabbage moxa, aphid, red spider.
6. Harvesting and listing
The beans are eaten by the young bean pods. When the pods reach the maturity of the goods, they should be harvested at the right time. Generally, the dwarf species will be harvested 25-35 days after planting. The harvest will start harvesting 35-45 days after planting, and harvest once every 3-5 days. The pods will be harvested once every 1-2 days. Harvesting too late affects the quality and the pods of the subsequent inflorescences, the harvested pods should be listed in time, and the unlisted ones can be kept fresh at 3 °C.
Seven, clean the countryside
The diseased leaves should be cleared of the pasture in time. Concentrate and burn it out. The pods were harvested in early July. The racks should be stored in a centralized manner to prevent the second-year hazards of the pathogens on the diseased plants and to prevent pests and diseases.
The above is the early spring shed bean cultivation technology, I hope to help you. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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