Bacterial damping-off: It is caused by fungi. It occurs at the seedling stage. When two true leaves grow, the damage is serious. The stem base of the seedlings shrinks, and the diseased seedlings appear gray mycelium, which occurs sporadically in the seedbed at the beginning of the disease. The spread is very fast, and one night there will be deaths. The etiology is caused by high soil moisture, unobstructed seedbeds, and severe onset in rainy days and at night compared with sunny and daytime conditions.
Control methods: reduce watering after emergence, pouring early water, ventilation around seedbeds, pay special attention to ventilation at night and rainy days, reduce soil temperature, and strengthen light. At the beginning of the disease, it is sprayed with Bordeaux 1:1:120, and 50% Topazel WP can also be sprayed with 1000 times.
Fusarium wilt: Mainly endanger the roots and the whole basal part. Occurrence time From June to October, both seedlings and adult plants can occur. During the seedling period, the environment is wet, and white cotton-like mycelium appears at the base of the stem and around the surface. It usually occurs locally. At the early stage of disease, the leaves on the top of the plants turn yellow, the lower leaves are still green and blue, the plants are short, the roots of the roots and stems turn black, and the whole plant dies.
Control methods: The breeding grounds are forbidden to select low-lying land, do not pour water when irrigation, do not accumulate water, do not weigh, do not harm plants, have wounds easily inoculated with Fusarium, and are prohibited and easy to get the wilt plant rotation.
Black stem disease: Black stem disease mostly occurs in the high-temperature and rainy season in July-August. Occurs in the base and ground parts of stems. Long strips of dark spots extend upwards and downwards, resulting in thin and thin stems. Leaves turn yellow and green, sagging. Rolling inwards, serious plants die.
Prevention methods: Strengthen field management, clear drains, prevent water accumulation in the ground, and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
For the treatment of diseases of the Digestive System:
Many symptoms can signal problems with the GI tract, including: abdominal pain, blood in the stool, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, incontinence, nausea and vomiting and difficulty swallowing, according to the NIH.
Among the most widely known diseases of the digestive system is colon cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 51,783 Americans died from colon cancer in 2011 (the most recent year for available data). Excluding skin cancers, colon and rectal cancer, or colorectal cancer, is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.
Polyp growth and irregular cells, which may or may not be cancerous, are the most common development paths for colorectal cancers (also referred to as CRC), and can be detected during a routine colonoscopy, according to Dr. John Marks, a gastroenterologist affiliated with the Main Line Health health care system.
[The best news is that, if caught early enough, they can also be removed during the colonoscopy - eliminating the possibility that they grow further and become cancer," Marks said.
For those patients whose cancer has already spread, there are various minimally invasive surgical options that have extremely good prognoses. It is recommended that asymptomatic patients without a family history begin getting tested regularly between the ages 45 and 50, according to Marks. [Symptoms which may suggest that you need a colonoscopy at an earlier age include rectal bleeding and stool/bowel habit changes which last for more than a few days."
While CRC gets a great deal of attention, many diseases and conditions of the digestive system - including irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, GERD (acid reflux) and Crohn`s disease - can be chronic and are difficult to diagnose and treat, according to Dr. Larry Good, a gastroenterologist affiliated with South Nassau Communities Hospital. [With many of these diseases, blood work and colonoscopies all looks normal, so there is an absence of red flags."
Many of the diseases of the digestive system are tied to the foods we eat, and a number of sufferers can reduce their symptoms by restricting their diets, Good said. [Of course no one wants to hear that they can`t eat certain foods, but many times, eliminating acidic things from the diet, such as tomatoes, onions, and red wine, can have an impact," Good said.
There are a number of tests to detect digestive tract ailments. A colonoscopy is the examination of the inside of the colon using a long, flexible, fiber-optic viewing instrument called a colonoscope, according the American Gastroenterological Association. Other testing procedures include upper GI endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound.
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