Field cultivation of Chinese milk vetch offers multiple benefits, including soil enrichment, improved water and nutrient retention, reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers, enhanced quality of agricultural products, and increased economic returns. Here are key points for high-yield cultivation of Ziyunying:
1. **Preparation and Proper Sowing Time**
In our county, the main previous crop is single-season late rice. Before sowing Ziyunying, it's important to drain the paddy fields thoroughly so that the soil remains moist after sowing, which helps with early germination and uniform emergence. As a spring crop, Ziyunying grows slowly in winter, so planting too late can reduce yield. The ideal time to sow is between the White Dew and Autumn Equinox, usually mid-to-late September. After harvesting the rice, seeds should be sown in the morning when the rice leaves are completely dry to avoid sticking to the leaves and ensure better seed distribution.
2. **Selecting Quality Seeds and Seed Treatment**
Local farmers have found that seeds from Fenghua Bridge in Ningbo perform best. One day before sowing, soak the seeds overnight, then dry them thoroughly. Treat the seeds by rubbing them in a rice mill. Mix with 8 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate per 100 kg of seeds, add 5 kg of fine sand, and spread evenly after sowing to improve germination and growth.
3. **Fertilizer Management and Straw Coverage**
Ziyunying thrives in humid conditions but is sensitive to drought and waterlogging. Maintaining consistent soil moisture is crucial throughout the growing period. After harvesting late rice, dig cross ditches and ring ditches to ensure proper drainage. During dry periods, fill the "Happy Valley" with moist soil to meet plant needs. For poor soils, apply 1–2 top-dressings of fertilizer, using small and frequent applications to boost green manure yield. Fertilization is divided into three stages: base fertilizer, pre-winter fertilizer, and spring fertilizer. Due to decreasing temperatures and frost risk, early protection of young plants is essential to prevent freezing damage.
4. **Pest Control and Timely Harvesting**
Common pests and diseases affecting Ziyunying include powdery mildew, sclerotinia rot, aphids, and leaf miners. Pesticide use should follow guidance from local agricultural technicians. Ziyunying is typically used in three ways: direct grazing, feeding as fresh feed, or plowing into the soil. Plowing at the right time is critical—plowing too early results in low yields and poor fertilizer efficiency, while plowing too late increases cellulose and lignin content, making decomposition harder. The optimal time for plowing is during full bloom, with a recommended green biomass of 1000–1500 kg per mu for maximum benefit.
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