Field cultivation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) offers multiple benefits, such as soil improvement, enhanced water and fertilizer retention, reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers, improved agricultural product quality, and increased economic returns. Ziyunying high-yield cultivation techniques include the following key practices:
1. **Preparation before sowing and proper timing**
In our county, the main preceding crop is single-season late rice. Before sowing, it's essential to drain the paddy fields and ensure the soil is dry enough for planting. After sowing, maintaining a slightly moist soil environment helps with early germination, uniform emergence, and better seedling establishment. Since Ziyunying is a spring crop that grows slowly in winter, it should not be planted too late. The optimal sowing window is between the White Dew and Autumn Equinox, typically mid-to-late September. Sow in the morning after the rice leaves have fully dried to avoid seeds sticking to the leaves, which could hinder germination.
2. **Selecting quality seeds and seed treatment**
Local farmers in our area often prefer seeds from Fenghua Bridge in Ningbo. To improve germination, seeds should be soaked overnight one day before sowing, then dried and treated. A common practice is to mix the seeds with calcium magnesium phosphate and fine sand before sowing. This helps enhance germination rates and ensures better growth.
3. **Effective nutrient management and straw coverage**
Ziyunying thrives in humid conditions but is sensitive to drought and waterlogging. Throughout its growth period, the soil must remain consistently moist. After harvesting late rice, it’s important to dig cross ditches and ring ditches to ensure proper drainage and prevent water accumulation. When the soil begins to dry out, filling the field with "Happy Valley" moisture helps maintain ideal growing conditions. For low-fertility fields, applying 1–2 top-dressings of fertilizer can significantly boost green manure yield. Fertilization is usually divided into three stages: base fertilizer, pre-winter fertilizer, and spring fertilizer. Due to decreasing temperatures and frost risk, early frost can damage young Ziyunying plants, so timely protection is necessary.
4. **Pest control and timely harvesting**
Common pests and diseases affecting Ziyunying include two fungal diseases (powdery mildew and sclerotinia rot) and two insect pests (aphids and leaf miner flies). Farmers should consult local agricultural technicians for effective pesticide use. Ziyunying is typically used in three ways: direct grazing, feeding to livestock, or ploughing into the soil. Ploughing should be done at the right time—too early results in low yields and poor fertilizer efficiency, while too late increases cellulose and lignin content, making decomposition harder and reducing fertility value. Therefore, the best time to plough is during full flowering, with an ideal green biomass of 1000–1500 kg per mu.
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