Release date: 2008-12-22
In a groundbreaking development, American scientists have created a tiny nano-detector capable of identifying carcinogenic toxins within living cells or tracking the performance of cancer drugs. This innovative tool offers new possibilities for monitoring specific chemicals in the body. The findings were published in the December 14th issue of *Nature Nanotechnology*.
The research team from MIT engineered sensors by embedding carbon nanotubes into DNA molecules, allowing them to be inserted into living cells. These sensors are able to detect various substances that damage DNA, including certain toxins, free radicals, and some chemotherapy drugs. They can pinpoint the exact location of these molecules inside the cell, especially when it comes to hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant that can be detected at the single-molecule level.
The sensors are designed by encapsulating carbon nanotubes with DNA, enabling them to bind to DNA-damaging agents within the cell. When activated, the sensors emit near-infrared fluorescence, which is easily detectable since human tissue does not naturally fluoresce in this range, making the nanotubes stand out clearly.
As the sensor interacts with DNA inside the cell, the light signal changes, providing researchers with valuable information about the presence of specific molecules. Because the sensors are coated with DNA, they can be safely introduced into living cells. Eventually, the detector becomes more visible as it is engulfed by proteins on the surface of the coating.
This cellular "detector" has significant potential in monitoring chemotherapy treatments in cancer patients, ensuring that the drugs are working effectively. The researchers noted that many chemotherapy drugs cause extensive DNA damage, leading to severe side effects. By using this "detector," doctors can track whether the drug is targeting cancer cells properly. Additionally, it can help detect harmful oxidants like hydrogen peroxide, offering a broader range of applications in medical diagnostics.
— Shanghai Medical Device Industry Association
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