The Chinese amaranth, which is native to China, is a perennial, perennial vegetable that is harvested many times in a year. It is cultivated in various parts of the country, and cultivated in various ways. In recent years, the cultivated area of ​​leeks in various parts of the country has been continuously increased, but the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is also more serious. The identification and prevention of the major pests and diseases that they have occurred are introduced to guide the production of leeks. First, the main diseases 1. The disease symptoms of gray mold of leeks (1). Amaranthus gray mold, also known as leek white leaf blight, mainly damage the leaves. At the time of initial onset, the affected leaves had white to light gray-brown dots, generally more frontal than the back, after which, as the disease progressed, the spots gradually expanded and merged into oval eye-shaped prismatic large spots until they were half-leaved. Or whole leaf rot. When the humidity is high, the lesions may produce a brownish brown villous mold layer or become rotten, sticky, and black. Knife cut mouth susceptible to disease, rot down after infection, the initial water-immersed light green lesions, the shape of a semi-circular or "V" shape, posterior disease organization tan, surface gray brown to gray green villous Floor. (2) Control measures 1 Selection of resistant varieties. Ping Ke No.1, Ying Xue, Yu Wei Cai No.1 (Ping Yi No.2), Ping Yi No.4, and Ping Yu No.6. 2 Strengthen field management. First of all, we should pay attention to reasonable watering to prevent excessive soil moisture. Secondly, after each harvest, a thin layer of plant ash can be applied to the pods. One can absorb heat, absorb moisture, and increase temperature. Second, it can increase the potassium content in the soil, which is conducive to plant health. Grow, enhance resistance to disease. Again, if the greenhouse cultivation should pay attention to the ventilation of the shed to reduce the condensation of foliage. In addition, each time, the diseased leaves and old leaves that have been cleaned up must be buried deep so as to reduce the re-infestation of the bacteria source. After harvesting, the compound fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium shall be topdressed once, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer shall be strictly prohibited. 3 smoke prevention and treatment. Use 3% thiabendazole smoke agent 350g per 667 square meters, or 1% 5% of Mildew spirit dust agent, or 10% fast-king spirit smoke agent 250g, place 6--8 points, smoke with dark flame 3- -4h, even smoked 5-6 times. 4 chemical prevention. Chemical control should generally be carried out in the early stages of disease. 50% carbendazim 300--500 times solution, 50% fast-king agent or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution, or 40% gentamicin WP may be used 600 times. Liquid spray control, spraying on the newly germinated leaves and surrounding soil, 7d1 times, sprayed 3 - 4 times. According to the data, the rice bran plus net 50g of dexamethasone or gaffemei 50g, spray 20kg of water, the effect is also very good. 2. Disease (1) Symptoms. Hazardous leaves, initially dark green water immersed lesions, diseased part of the contraction, yellow leaves withered. When the weather is wet, the lesions are soft and rot, and there are gray creams. Leaf sheath damage was brownish-water immersed lesions, soft rot, and leaf stripping. Bulbs and roots were damaged by brown soft rot and root hairs were significantly reduced, which affected the absorption and accumulation of nutrients. (2) Control measures 1 rotation. Cultivation plots and nursery plots should be selected within 3 years of land that has not been planted with onion and garlic vegetables. 2 Strengthen field management. First of all, we should pay attention to drainage and prevent the accumulation of water in the bowl. Second, cultivating robust plants, such as taking seedlings when selecting strong seedlings, removing diseased seedlings, paying attention to raising roots, not excessive harvesting, post-harvest top dressing, irrigation control after summer irrigation and other cultivation measures, can make plants grow robustly. In addition, the yellow leaves of the lower layer should be removed before the summer rainfall, and the green leaves should be picked up upwards so as not to touch the ground, so that the plants can be ventilated to prevent diseases. 3 chemical prevention. In the early stage of disease, use 25% metalaxyl WP 600--800 times, or 64% zearaphine wettable powder or 40% synergistic urea wettable powder or 77% WP 500 Dilution, or 72% Kelu wettable powder 800 times, or 50% Anke wettable powder 2000 times, or 0.1% -0.2% copper sulfate solution spray, every 7d1 times, continuous control 3 Or use the above liquid to remove roots when planting. Second, the main pest 1.éŸè›†(1) Harmful symptoms. The larvae of the larvae are the main pests of leeks. Under natural conditions, it takes about 25-30 days to complete a generation, and the overwintering period is about half a year. Larvae in the spring and autumn to the level of activity, the first level after the initial hatching, damage to the plant sheaths, young stems, buds, causing young stems rotten, yellow leaves, and then cut stems into the stem bite. The summer larvae move downwards and break into the bulb, causing the bulbs to rot, causing the death of the pier. In the winter, the soil will go winter at 3cm.éŸè›† éŸè›† éŸè›† 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应 适应. There is no overwintering phenomenon in the shed, which can continue to breed. (2) Prevention and control measures 1) Serious land masses are carried out for 2 years or more. 2 to strengthen field management: First of all should be less applied to livestock manure and organic fertilizer is not decomposed, and more use of fertilizer such as grass ash. Second, ground loose soil, that is, shovel out the top soil around the root of leeks, sun drying roots, reduce the leeks root and the surrounding humidity, after 5-6d can die larvae. 3Chemical control: Before the sowing of leeks seeds or transplanting of roots, use 2 kg Kang Kanggong powder every 667 square meters (three licenses are being registered, is expected to be obtained in the second half) or 1.5% phoxim granules and basal dressing, The effect is excellent; in the event of larval damage, if the tip is found to turn yellow and become soft and gradually lodging to the ground, use 50% phoxim EC 500 times solution or 2 kg per Kang Kang Renjin powder per 667 square meters. - 600kg irrigated and treated once every 7d; in the adult eclosion period, 48% Difening 1800--2000 times, or 30% Chrysanthemi 2,000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin Ester 500 times, or 20% of fenvalerate 3000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 800--1000 times, sprayed every 7d, continuous control 3 times. At present, more pollution-free plant-sourced pesticides are recommended, such as compound flavescens insecticide or Kanglv Gongchen, 1kg per compounded flavescens flavescens per 667m 2 , or 2kg per kilogram, or 2kg per pot. When watering the leeks, they are sprinkled into the rows and then buried in the soil. After the leeks are harvested, they are sprinkled on the rows and mixed with the soil. The effect is also very good. According to information, the use of sweet and sour liquids during the flood season of adult worms has a good effect. Its formula is: 3 parts sugar, 3 parts vinegar, 1 part wine, 10 parts water, 9 parts of trichlorfon 0.1 part by weight (weight ratio). Replace it once. 2. Green onion thrips (1) harms the symptoms. Green onions, horses and horses, also known as smoke thrips, horses, horses and horses, is a pest of the genus Thysanoptera. It is a kind of pest with very complex food. It occurs in all parts of the country. According to the survey, there are more than 300 kinds of hosts. Adults and nymphs of onion thrips can all be harmed. The sucking mouthparts endanger the hearts and shoots of the host plants and suck the sap in the leaf tubes, causing the leek to produce tiny grayish or grayish-yellow long spots. In severe cases, the loquat leaves lose water, wilt, yellow, dry, and twisted, which seriously affects the yield and quality and reduces the value of food. (2) Prevention and control measures 1 Strengthen field management: Remove weeds and litter in the field in time, concentrate burning or deep burial, eliminate insect sources. In addition, diligent watering and diligent weed removal during the growth of leeks can reduce the risk of humming horses. 2 Chemical control: Thrips can be sprayed with 50% dimethoate or 50% phoxim or 20% synergist quinolone 1000 times, or 20% fenvalerate 3000 times, sprayed every 7 days. Times, continuous control 3 times. 3. Liriomyza sativae (1) Harmful to symptoms. Liriomyza huidobrensis is also called onion leaf miner, belonging to the family Diptera, Liriomyza. It is mainly larvae. The larvae feed on the leaf tissue of the leaf blade, showing a curved or tongue-like tunnel, destroying the green tissue of the leaf, affecting the growth of the leeks, and reducing the yield. (2) Control measures 1 Strengthen field management: remove diseased leaves and stubble. During the growing season of leeks, it is found that the leaves that are eaten by larvae should be taken out of the field and buried deeply. After the leeks are harvested, the leaves of the stubble plants are cleaned, defoliated or burned, the source of insects can be reduced, and the soil can be deep-frozen. . 2Chemical control: spraying 25% kiquifoss EC or 20% extinguishment Ding or 7.5% rotenone EC with 1000 times, or 10% EC 800 times can be better Control effect.
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