I. Environmental conditions in the park: annual average temperature above 9°C; annual rainfall between 300 and 1000mm; fertile soil, organic matter content above 1%; soil layer above 60cm, groundwater below 1m, soil pH value 6.5-7.5 The total salt content is below 0.3%; the slope is below 15 degrees. Garden planning: flat land, beach land and gentle slopes below 6 degrees, planting from south to north; planting rows along 6-15 degree slopes along the contour lines. Equipped with necessary irrigation and drainage facilities and buildings. In areas with wind damage, windbreaks should be created. Second, the choice of varieties and rootstock selection should be based on regionalization and improved seedlings, in accordance with the pomegranate division, combined with local natural conditions, select the fine varieties, the implementation of appropriate planting. Selective development of Dahongpao, Taishanhong, Mengyanghong and other fine varieties. Third, the planting of soil preparation: Digging depth and width of 0.8 ~ 1m planting ditch according to line spacing, filling the bottom of the cave about 30cm thick crop stalks. The excavated topsoil and sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were mixed and backfilled into the culvert. After filling 20cm below the ground, the water shall be poured so that the soil is solid and then covered with a layer of topsoil. Planting methods and density: flat land, beach and gentle slopes below 6 degrees are planted in rectangles, and 6 to 15 degrees slopes are planted in height. Planting densities ranged from 1143 to 1666 plants/hm2 on slopes or slopes (water-free pouring), 833 to 1140 plants/hm2 on shallow slopes (water-free pouring), and 634 to 833 plants/hm2 on plain or beach land (with water pouring). Seedling selection and treatment: Select seedling height 80 ~ 100cm, there are 3 to 5 lateral roots, no injury injury. Planting time: The planting of pomegranate seedlings is generally carried out in the spring, the sooner the better. Such as autumn, the sooner the better. The rainy season is planted in rainy weather. Planting hoeing technology: In the planting ditch, dig 30cm wide planting holes according to the planting distance, put the seedlings into the center of the hole, fill the soil while lifting the seedlings, practicably, immediately fill the soil after filling, and then cover the mulching film after watering. Immediately after planting the seedlings in the spring, the seedlings will be dried before the spring sprouting in the spring. After drying, take appropriate measures to protect the cut. IV. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management Deep-turning soils and ploughing: Every autumn fruit harvest is combined with autumn fertilizer. When the soil is backfilled, it is mixed with organic fertilizer, and then fully watered to make the root soil close. After the rainfall or irrigation in the growing season of the orchard, timely cultivating tillage, the cultivating depth of 5 ~ 10cm, in order to facilitate warming and security. Grass cover: grass cover is applied after spring fertilization and irrigation. It can also be combined with deep-opening furrows to increase soil fertility and water storage capacity. Fertilization: mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, the fertilizer applied should not have adverse effects on orchard environment and fruit quality. Fertilizer types allowed: farm manure, commercial fertilizers, and other fertilizers. Fertilizers that are prohibited from use: end-of-pollution urban garbage or garbage containing heavy metals, rubber and hazardous substances, nitrate nitrogen fertilizers, chemical fertilizers containing chlorine, and end-of-life human waste, fertilizer products that have not been registered. Fertilization method and quantity: applied to basal fertilizer, applied after autumn fruit harvest to defoliation, mainly farmyard manure, mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The soil topdressing is carried out three times a year. The first time from the bud to the bud initiation, the second in the young fruit expansion period, the third time in the fruit color conversion period, the last top dressing amount is very small, not counting; annual Foliar spray fertilizer 4 to 5 times, the general growth of the early 2 times, late 2 to 3 times, can make up the application of fruit trees growth and development of trace elements. V. Water Management Pollution-free Pomegranate production areas The concentration of elements and compounds in the irrigation water should meet the following requirements: mercury ≤ 0.01mg/L, cadmium ≤ 0.05mg/L, arsenic, lead, chromium (hexavalent) ≤ 0.01mg/L Fluoride ≤ 0.01mg/L, cyanide ≤ 0.01mg/L, petroleum ≤ 0.01mg/L. Irrigation: The period of irrigation should be based on soil moisture, usually including four stages of germination, after flowering, rapid fruit expansion and soil freezing. Drainage: When there is accumulation of water in the orchard, drainage should be used in a timely manner. Sixth, the plastic pruning suitable tree: After planting, select the appropriate tree according to the cultivation density. Commonly used tree types are: Three main branches, happy shape, 800 trees/hm2, tree height 3.0-3.5m, no trunk, 3 main branches with azimuth angle of 120 degrees, each main branch horizontally angled from 40 to 45 degrees Three to four lateral branches were assigned to each main branch. Natural happy shape, 1500 strains/hm2, tree height 2.5-3.0m, dry height 0.5-0.7m, main stem bearing three azimuthal 120-degree main branches, main branch and main stem extension angle 50-65 degrees , 1 to 2 lateral branches were assigned to each main branch. Double main V-shape, 1100 plants/hm2, tree height 3.0m or so, no trunk, 2 oblique main branches with an angle of 80 to 100 degrees between two anterogrades, and each main branch was allocated 2 to 3 lateral branches. Pruning: According to the tree-shaped canopy structure of the sapling tree, it is recommended to cultivate good stems and expand the canopy; in the early fruit period, cultivate the main and lateral branches, gradually cultivate all kinds of branches, eliminate unused branches, leggy branches and slim branches, and cultivate The result is that the middle and small branch groups are dominated by the result of the branch, the moderate branches with more growth, and the second branches with more branches are slowly released to promote flowering results; in the flourishing fruit period, the useless branches, leggy branches and slender branches, and the dead branches of diseases and insects are mainly used. Cultivating strong and effective result groups based on small and medium size, adjusting the amount of results, and rationally loading, and adopting pruning methods based on “controlâ€, “promote†and “protection†respectively for the strong-wang trees, weak-trees, and golden mean trees. , make the tree stable and robust. For aging trees, rejuvenation measures such as “going old branches, leaving new branches, going to weak branches, leaving strong branches, going to distant branches, leaving near branches, going to oblique birth, horizontal branches, and standing upright and standing strong†are used. Seven, flower and fruit management pollination: the use of artificial powder, bee or wall bee pollination and other methods to improve the fruit setting rate and fruit uniformity. Sparse flowering: Pomegranate has a large amount of flowers and should be sparsely flowered. The sooner the better, the third flower's complete flowering is also generally neglected. From the identifiable flowers, sparse every 10 days. Thinning fruit: Thinning fruit uses multiple flowers and leaves, leaving 2 fruits, leaving 3 times fruit, so that the pomegranate tree is properly planted. Before flowering and flowering and fruiting period, the main shoots were removed: Before flowering (in early May), two cuts were made on the trunk or main branch of Wangshu and on the branch of Daifu to raise the fruit setting rate. During the flowering period and young fruit period, the back shoots are wiped off repeatedly to increase the fruit setting rate and reduce flowering and fruit drop. VIII. Pest Control The “Plant-based, comprehensive prevention†plant protection policy is based on the principle of agricultural and physical control, and biological control is the core. In accordance with the law of the occurrence of diseases and pests, scientific use of chemical control techniques will effectively control pests and diseases. The main diseases of pomegranate are scab, dry rot and early defoliation. Alternaria carbendazim, 80% M-45, prohexine, Fuxing, Bordeaux and other fungicides can be effectively controlled. Pests harmful to the pomegranate are aphids, mites, peach aphids, leafhoppers, etc., use of natural enemies or spraying imidacloprid, anti-inhalon, diflubenzuron 3, avermectins, triflumuron, peach Xiaoling, etc. Insecticide control, usually at any time to remove pests and fruits deeply buried. Implementing bags can also effectively prevent and treat various pests and diseases. Nine, fruit harvest According to the maturity of fruit, use and market demand comprehensively determine the harvest time. Inconsistent varieties of maturity should be harvested in stages.
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