Yam, also known as yam and long oyster, belongs to the family Dioscorea and is used for its edible roots or columnar roots. The root contains 1.5% of protein, 14.4% of carbohydrates, and contains vitamins and choline, which have high nutritional value. Yam is a perennial rooted creeping plant, hi warm, not cold, roots above 10 °C began to germinate, stem and leaf growth to 25 °C -28 °C for the best tuber expansion to 20 °C -24 °C fastest. In addition to northeast and northwest China, there are yam cultivation in
Other provinces and regions. The main points of yam cultivation are introduced as follows: 1. Land selection The choice of landform with high dryness, well-drained, deep soil, soft sandy loam soil or loam soil blocks requires uniform soils from top to bottom. The following layers have thin clayey soil layers and trenches. When digging, it can also be planted. The soil is preferably slightly acidic to neutral. Yam cannot be used continuously. Generally, it should be done once every 3 years. Second, the long-rooted varieties of open-pit preparations are 1m apart and dig north-south to deep trenches in the field. The ditch is 28-30cm wide and 140cm deep. During the excavation, the upper and lower layers of soil were stacked on both sides of the ditch, and the 20 cm of sand in the ditch was dug and smashed in place. After a few days of drying, the bottom soil shall be leveled and then filled in with the lower soil and the upper layer of soil. Each step shall be filled with 20cm of clay, and all rubble shall be picked up. In order to facilitate the ditching, it is generally the first to excavate. After the half ditch is filled, the remaining half ditch is excavated. Third, seed treatment in the 20-25d before planting each selected to meet the characteristics of the planted varieties of disease-free blocks at the top of the hard end of the root species, one end of the cross-section in the slaked lime powder, and then put the sun for a few days To sterilize and promote germination. Breeding with roots does not enlarge the planting area. To increase the propagation coefficient, roots must be cut and propagated. In other words, choose 1m long left, the smaller root diameter of 2.4-4.5cm, cut into small pieces of 15-20cm long, and use the upper and lower ends of the hair notes, then lick the lime in each section and lay the seeds in the sun. It has been sun-dried until there is a thin crack in the head. The sunning season should be lightly handled to prevent scratches. At the same time, we must do a good job of preventing wind, rain and frost. Fourth, planting in the local temperature rises above 12 °C, when the ground temperature stabilizes above 10 °C, planting in North China, mostly in late April, the Yangtze River basin is mostly in mid-April, South China is in March-April. Before planting, dig deep trenches around Daejeon should be digged in depths of about 1m, 0.6-0.8m wide, and communicated with the outer trenches. For field lengths exceeding 20m, the gutters should be added to ensure rapid drainage during the rainy season. Then pull the rope in the middle of the planting line, and press the row spacing 5-6cm. In the ditch, use a 10-12cm thick steel bar to drill the hole one by one in the spacing of the plant, and go deep into the bottom of the loose soil layer. The upper end of the seed potato is traversed horizontally on the entrance of the hole to guide the new roots of the tuber to extend vertically and grow uniformly in thickness to meet the standards of export and acquisition. After discharging a good ditch, the soil was then ridiculed and the ridge height was 10 cm. 5. After applying the base fertilizer to the seedlings, the soil between the rows on both sides of the planting trench shall be deep-flushed by 20-30 cm and applied to the base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be used in conjunction with the application of mature manure or manure 2000-4000kg/667m2, plus urea 20-25kg, calcium superphosphate l5kg, potassium sulfate 25-35kg, and fully mixed with the soil. Sixth, field management 1, stent introduction. When a yam seedling emerges, it is necessary to promptly support the vine to grow upwards. Generally, it is better to use a fine bamboo stick or a tree branch and put it in a zirantai. The height is preferably 2-2.5m. If it is limited by material, at least up to 1.5m. The bracket must be firmly inserted to prevent it from being blown by the typhoon. 2, cultivating fill soil. In the early stage of growth, we should diligently plough the weeds and weeds, usually every other month, until the stems reach the upper half, and weeds will be removed later. To excavate a portion of the rows of soil between the rows to fill the racks between the rows, so that the formation of high-yield racks, racks formed between the outer row of deep 2Ocm, wide 3Ocm trenches for drainage in the rainy season. 3, top dressing. When the vines have been on the top half, topdressing l times, according to the growing trend of the plant urea 10-15kg/667m2. There is less seedling growth and more weak seedlings in order to achieve balanced development across the whole field. Later, when the stalk is full, if there is a phenomenon of yellow lean, it can be applied again. 4, irrigation drainage. Yam is a drought-tolerant crop, but water should be properly watered for high yields. Generally before and after the first topdressing, in case of long-term drought and no rain, the soil is full of white, should be lightly poured 1-2 times, to the surface of the soil can be wet. From the turn of the summer to the autumn, if the arid and hot weather lasts for more than a week, it must be poured with cold water in the early morning to resist drought. Yam is even more frightened, and it is necessary to timely drain the gutters in the rainy season to achieve no water accumulation in the fields. China Agricultural Network Editor
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