Is the soil "sick"? The answer is inevitable. Because the soil is an active, living organism, it has the functions of material metabolism, energy conversion and information transmission. Once the physicochemical and biological properties of the organism change, it will affect the health of the soil. When it is serious, it will be "sick". . How to determine whether the soil is sick, what kind of disease is it? The first thing to look for is whether the crops grown on the soil have any symptoms. If the crops cannot grow normally, it proves that the soil itself is a problem. It is a disease caused by unhealthy soil (due to non-invasive diseases), which is “soil disease. ". The diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria (including fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, nematodes, etc.) that survive or parasitize in the soil and spread to the crops through the soil are called soil-borne diseases.
Which inappropriate measures are prone to soil diseases
â—† The soil tillage layer caused by long-term non-deep plowing becomes shallow, and the plough layer soil compaction is serious.
â—† Blind use of chemical fertilizers caused by fertilizer damage and imbalance of soil nutrient, as well as the resulting soil acidification and soil secondary salinization.
â—† Predatory nutrition management results in a serious lack of micronutrients in the soil.
â—† Soil pollution caused by fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals as the main source of pollution.
â—† There is a lack of organic matter in the soil that has not been treated with organic fertilizer for a long time, and blind management has caused the syndromes that occur in the facility soil.
The following measures can effectively prevent and cure soil diseases
◠Change poor farming habits. Change “Take rotary tillage†as “deep plowing and deep loosening†so that the soil tillage layer is maintained at more than 20 cm, solve the problem of shallow cropping layer, improve the ability of soil to retain water and fertility, and to resist natural disasters.
â— Rational use of chemical fertilizers. In accordance with the law of crop manure requirements, rational chemical fertilizer use, the problem of blind use and heavy use of chemical fertilizers was completely corrected, and problems such as imbalanced nutrition, soil acidification, secondary salinization and soil pollution were prevented.
â— Rational use of pesticides and herbicides, strict control of high-efficiency, high-residue pesticides into the field of contaminated soil and food.
â— Increase the use of high-quality organic fertilizers, vigorously promote the direct return of crop stalks, and increase the content of organic matter in the soil while solving the problem of soil compaction.
â— Use soil conditioners. The use of soil conditioners can supplement trace elements, degrade heavy metals and pesticide residues in soil, regulate soil pH, construct soil aggregate structure, and purify the soil environment.
Which inappropriate measures are prone to soil-borne diseases
Continuous work. Continuous cropping is the main human factor for the formation of sick soil. The continuous cultivation of a class of crops has enabled certain pathogens to multiply year after year, accumulate in the soil, form diseased soil, and develop on an annual basis. For example, continuous cropping of solanaceous vegetables caused serious epidemics such as blight and wilt disease. The continuous cropping of watermelon and the occurrence of blight were serious. The continuous cropping of strawberries for more than two years was 30%-50%.
A large number of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, can stimulate the growth of Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia in soil-borne pathogens, thereby aggravating the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.
Nematode infestation. Soil nematodes are closely related to soil-borne diseases. Soil nematodes can cause wounds in the roots of plants, and they can infect pathogens, causing diseases to increase, and nematodes and fungal diseases can occur at the same time.
Take the following measures to effectively control soil-borne diseases
â– The sterilization source uses the characteristics of good greenhouse sealing performance. In the summer season when indoor crops are replaced, technical measures such as flooding, high-temperature stuffy shed, and lime nitrogen disinfection are adopted to remove residual pathogens in the soil and purify the soil.
â– Control of foreign germs into the greenhouse Pay attention to the safety of fertilizers and prevent the entry of bacteria-containing fertilizers into the greenhouse. In particular, the applied organic fertilizers must be subjected to high temperature treatment and adequate decomposing before they can be used. Personnel entering the room management shall change shoes, socks, and overalls in the outdoor operation room to prevent clothing, shoes and garters from entering the room; the limestone shall be disinfected on the outdoor floor of the operation room, and the footwear and work clothes shall be washed and diligently sunburned and disinfected. After the person enters the greenhouse, he must close the door and lock it out. It is forbidden for outsiders, especially those in other greenhouses, to enter the room to prevent other greenhouse diseases from being infected.
â– Implementing crop rotation is the most economical and effective method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Rotation is to improve the ecological conditions of pathogens and reduce infestation. Rational rotation of crops, especially for paddy-upland rotations, will have a multiplier effect in preventing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.
â– Cultivate strong seedlings, increase organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers, adjust the relationship between seedling growth and density, vegetative growth and reproductive growth, maintain plant growth and growth, and increase crop disease resistance. Once a disease is found, it is necessary to take immediate and decisive measures against the type of disease, prescribe the right medicine, and eradicate it completely, and never allow it to breed or spread.
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