I. Organization of Intensive Pig Production Process 1. Intensive pig raising stage The breeding process aims to get rid of scattered and traditional seasonal production methods, and to establish a factory-based, program-based, and perennial balance. Pig production system to achieve a high level of production and operating efficiency. Four-stage feeding techniques are now used. (1) The mating phase of pregnancy. At this stage, the sow is to complete breeding and to spend her pregnancy. It takes about 1 week for the breeding, and 16.5 weeks for the gestation period. The sows enter the delivery room one week before delivery. The sows are kept in the breeding house for 16 to 17 weeks. If the farm is larger, empty bears and pregnancy can be divided into two phases. The empty sow is finished breeding in one week or so, and then after four weeks of observation, it is determined that the pregnancy (using a boar or pregnancy tester) can be transferred to the pregnancy. The pig house was transferred to the next batch without registration and continued to participate in breeding. (2) stage of lactation. The sows that are registered in the same week, according to the sows with the earliest expected date, enter the delivery room in the same batch one week in advance. At this stage, the delivery and feeding of the piglets should be completed. The nursing period is 5 weeks (or 4 weeks). The sows are in the delivery room. After 6 weeks (or 5 weeks) of feeding, the piglets were transferred to the next stage of feeding after weaning, and the sows returned to the empty sow house to participate in the breeding of the next breeding cycle. (3) Weaned piglet cultivation stage. After weaning piglets, the same batch of piglets into the breeding house, in the breeding house feeding 5 to 6 weeks, weighing 15 to 25 kg or more. At this time, the young pigs have been able to adapt to the external environmental conditions and then transferred them to the finishing houses for fattening. (4) The fattening stage. All pigs transferred from the nursery house to the finishing house were reared on the rearing and management requirements of finishing pigs for a total of 15 weeks. When the weight reached 90 kg, they could be put on the market. The fattening stage can also be divided into medium and large pig houses according to the conditions on the farm, which is more conducive to the growth of pigs. Through the above four stages of rearing, once the production is on the right track, weekly sows can be bred, tilled, piglet weaned, and commercial pigs sold to form the basic framework for factory rearing. 2. According to the process of construction or arrangement of production workshop. The establishment of a modern pig farm requires strict planning and design. After the process flow is determined, pigs are placed in the gestation sheds, delivery sheds, nursery sheds, and finishing sheds according to the pig farm process design requirements. The turnover of pigs on the site and the rational use of buildings must be closely linked with the production process, the epidemic prevention system and the degree of mechanization in order to achieve orderly and convenient management after production. 3. Determine the production plan indicators for each stage according to the process flow. (1) Determine the number of theoretical farrowing litters per sow within one year. The number of litters per year of the sow depends on the length of the breeding cycle of the sow. The length of the breeding cycle of the sow is mainly restricted by the time of lactation. Taking a modern production process as an example, the sow's lactation period is 5 weeks, plus 16.5 weeks of gestation, 1 week from weaning to breeding period ~ 22.5 weeks for a breeding cycle. For a total of 52 weeks a year, the number of litters per sow should be 5222.5 = 2.3 litters (if the lactation period is reduced by 4 weeks, the number of litters per sow per year should be 5221.5 = 2.4 litters). (2) Determine the number of sows that should be born each week. According to theoretical calculations, if we have determined that each sow will produce 2.3 litters per year, then according to the total number of sows raised in a pig farm, the total number of litters per year that the farm should have to be born can be calculated. Then, we can Calculate how many sows should be born each week. The number of litters per week = the total number of sows 2.3 (wots) 52 (weeks) For example, the number of litters per week for 600 sows on the farm should be: 6002.3 52 = 26.5 (wo) To allow room and Easy to grasp, each week can be a row of 26 litters. (3) Determine the number of sows that should be bred per week. Based on the number of litters to be litter per week and the fertility rate of the sows (according to 80%), the number of sows that will participate in breeding per week should be: the number of breeding sows per week = the number of litters per week 80% Taking 600 sow farms as an example, the number of breeding hens per week is: 26 (lung) 80% = 32.5 (head) (4) Determine the number of weekly weaned piglets and the number of bases to be transferred. Take 26 litters of weaning per week and 9 weaned calves per litter for example: Weekly weaned pigs = 26 (cows) 9 (heads) = 234 (heads); weekly turnover group bases are 234 (heads) 95% (bred rates) ) = 222 (head). The above calculations are all theoretical data, and adjustments can be made based on this principle in the production practice.
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