Penaeus vannamei, also known as white-limbed shrimp, white shrimp, and white shrimp, resembles China's prawn. It is currently one of the finest breeds in the prawn industry, and is one of the three largest shrimp farms with the highest aquaculture production. Penaeus vannamei has thin shells, delicate meat, high meat processing rate, strong anti-virus ability, rapid growth, strong adaptability, short breeding cycle, and high market price. The growth water temperature is 15-38°C, the optimum growth temperature is 22-35°C, and it can grow in the water with a salinity of 0.5‰--4.0‰. The cultivation of P. vannamei in paddy fields can fully utilize the resources of paddy fields, improve the ecological benefits and economic benefits of rice fields, and has the advantages of less investment, quick results, and large profits. It is an important way to develop rural economy and guide farmers to become rich and well off. The prawn rice cultivation techniques are described below.
1 Rice field selection and project construction
1.1 Paddy field selection Paddy fields with adequate water sources, good water quality, no pollution, and easy to remove algae are selected. The area is 1200--2000 square meters, and the sediment is sediment.
1.2 Field construction includes ring ditch, field ditch, and holding pond. The ditch is excavated along the inner side of the field ridge and requires a groove width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters. The field ditch is connected with ring ditch and paddy field, and depending on the size of the paddy field, it is necessary to dig a ditch or "10" or "well" ditch with a width of 0.8 m and a depth of 0.5 m. The holding pond is 3m X 2m X 1m and is located in front of the rice field drainage outlet or in the middle of the rice field. The total area of ​​the ring ditch, field ditch, and holding cradles accounts for about 15% of the paddy field area. Tian Hao widened 1--1.5 meters and raised 0.5--1 meters. The top of the ridge is surrounded by a plastic film and has a height of 1 meter to prevent entry of rats, snakes, frogs and other predators. The water inlet pipe adopts a PVC plastic pipe with a diameter of 20 cm. Both ends of the pipe are covered with a sieve. The drain outlet is surrounded by sieve baskets to prevent escape. One end of the sieve bowl is buried 15 cm deep in the bottom of the field, and the other end is 50 cm above the water surface. Embed 10 cm in field wax.
1.3 Shade shed 1 meter away from the field, every 1 meter (1.5 meters high) from 3 meters, with a bamboo frame set up with melons, field side melon, gourd, vines play a role in shading.
2 Stocking of shrimp
2.1 Preparation before laying seedlings The rice field is disinfected 10 to 15 days before planting, and 50 kg of quicklime is used for sprinkling every 667 square meters.
7 days before planting, water 50--80 cm, with 50 kg of salt per 667 square meters of water evenly spilled into the field. Then 200-300 kg of fermented human and animal manure is applied per 667 square meters.
2.3 Shrimp seedlings must be desalted, and they must be tested safely and non-toxicly before they are released. The seedlings should be 1-1.5 cm in length; the stocking density is 10,000. - 220,000/667 square meters. Try to put the seedlings before the beginning of May.
3 Feeding management
3.1 Babies Feeding The shrimps are not fed or fed in small quantities for the first 10 days after stocking. After 10 days, special feeds for shrimps were started (mixed feeds required a protein content of more than 30%), and a small amount of washed minced snails and freshwater fish were used to enhance the white prawn's constitution. The daily feed amount was 3% - 8% of the total shrimp weight. Each morning, evening and evening feeding ratio is 2:3:5.
3.2 Water quality control The water transparency of the ditch in the early stage of cultivation is maintained at 25--40 cm. During the middle and late breeding period, the transparency of the water in the ditch is maintained at 35--60 cm. In order to ensure high dissolved oxygen, new water should be frequently added.
3.3 Daily management
3.3.1 Adhere to the inspection field every morning, evening, and evening. Observe changes in water color in the ditch and shrimp eating conditions to determine the amount of bait and add fresh water.
3.3.2 Check whether the inlet and outlet screens are firm and remove the filter.
3.3.3 When fertilizing rice with chemical fertilizers, shallow field water can be discharged first to allow the shrimp to be concentrated in a ring ditch, a field ditch, and a holding pond, and then chemical fertilizer is applied to quickly deposit chemical fertilizer in the bottom mud. Mud and rice husks were absorbed and the depth of field water was increased to normal depth.
3.3.4 Pay special attention when applying pesticides. Strictly grasp the safe use concentration of pesticides and adopt the correct method of drug use to ensure the safety of white shrimps. At the time of application, the first row of shallow field water was used to induce the shrimp into the ring ditch, the field ditch, and the holding pond, and then the pesticide was used. After the medicinal property disappeared, the field water was deepened to the normal depth.
3.4 Disease prevention and control Adhere to the principle of “prevention as the main and prevention as the emphasis on the treatment†to ensure that there is no disease to prevent disease and that disease is treated early. Strictly grasp the safe use concentration of fishery drugs, and regularly splash lime.
4 After catching South American white prawns for about 80 days of breeding time, they can begin harvesting and marketing. Fishing is carried out by means of “Fengxinwang†and pulling nets, catching large and small, and finally catching in dry fields.
1 Rice field selection and project construction
1.1 Paddy field selection Paddy fields with adequate water sources, good water quality, no pollution, and easy to remove algae are selected. The area is 1200--2000 square meters, and the sediment is sediment.
1.2 Field construction includes ring ditch, field ditch, and holding pond. The ditch is excavated along the inner side of the field ridge and requires a groove width of 1 meter and a depth of 0.8 meters. The field ditch is connected with ring ditch and paddy field, and depending on the size of the paddy field, it is necessary to dig a ditch or "10" or "well" ditch with a width of 0.8 m and a depth of 0.5 m. The holding pond is 3m X 2m X 1m and is located in front of the rice field drainage outlet or in the middle of the rice field. The total area of ​​the ring ditch, field ditch, and holding cradles accounts for about 15% of the paddy field area. Tian Hao widened 1--1.5 meters and raised 0.5--1 meters. The top of the ridge is surrounded by a plastic film and has a height of 1 meter to prevent entry of rats, snakes, frogs and other predators. The water inlet pipe adopts a PVC plastic pipe with a diameter of 20 cm. Both ends of the pipe are covered with a sieve. The drain outlet is surrounded by sieve baskets to prevent escape. One end of the sieve bowl is buried 15 cm deep in the bottom of the field, and the other end is 50 cm above the water surface. Embed 10 cm in field wax.
1.3 Shade shed 1 meter away from the field, every 1 meter (1.5 meters high) from 3 meters, with a bamboo frame set up with melons, field side melon, gourd, vines play a role in shading.
2 Stocking of shrimp
2.1 Preparation before laying seedlings The rice field is disinfected 10 to 15 days before planting, and 50 kg of quicklime is used for sprinkling every 667 square meters.
7 days before planting, water 50--80 cm, with 50 kg of salt per 667 square meters of water evenly spilled into the field. Then 200-300 kg of fermented human and animal manure is applied per 667 square meters.
2.3 Shrimp seedlings must be desalted, and they must be tested safely and non-toxicly before they are released. The seedlings should be 1-1.5 cm in length; the stocking density is 10,000. - 220,000/667 square meters. Try to put the seedlings before the beginning of May.
3 Feeding management
3.1 Babies Feeding The shrimps are not fed or fed in small quantities for the first 10 days after stocking. After 10 days, special feeds for shrimps were started (mixed feeds required a protein content of more than 30%), and a small amount of washed minced snails and freshwater fish were used to enhance the white prawn's constitution. The daily feed amount was 3% - 8% of the total shrimp weight. Each morning, evening and evening feeding ratio is 2:3:5.
3.2 Water quality control The water transparency of the ditch in the early stage of cultivation is maintained at 25--40 cm. During the middle and late breeding period, the transparency of the water in the ditch is maintained at 35--60 cm. In order to ensure high dissolved oxygen, new water should be frequently added.
3.3 Daily management
3.3.1 Adhere to the inspection field every morning, evening, and evening. Observe changes in water color in the ditch and shrimp eating conditions to determine the amount of bait and add fresh water.
3.3.2 Check whether the inlet and outlet screens are firm and remove the filter.
3.3.3 When fertilizing rice with chemical fertilizers, shallow field water can be discharged first to allow the shrimp to be concentrated in a ring ditch, a field ditch, and a holding pond, and then chemical fertilizer is applied to quickly deposit chemical fertilizer in the bottom mud. Mud and rice husks were absorbed and the depth of field water was increased to normal depth.
3.3.4 Pay special attention when applying pesticides. Strictly grasp the safe use concentration of pesticides and adopt the correct method of drug use to ensure the safety of white shrimps. At the time of application, the first row of shallow field water was used to induce the shrimp into the ring ditch, the field ditch, and the holding pond, and then the pesticide was used. After the medicinal property disappeared, the field water was deepened to the normal depth.
3.4 Disease prevention and control Adhere to the principle of “prevention as the main and prevention as the emphasis on the treatment†to ensure that there is no disease to prevent disease and that disease is treated early. Strictly grasp the safe use concentration of fishery drugs, and regularly splash lime.
4 After catching South American white prawns for about 80 days of breeding time, they can begin harvesting and marketing. Fishing is carried out by means of “Fengxinwang†and pulling nets, catching large and small, and finally catching in dry fields.
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