Soil testing and formula fertilization is based on soil testing and fertilizer field trials. Based on the laws of crop manure requirements, soil nutrient properties and fertilizer effects, based on the rational application of organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements are proposed. Fertilizer application quantity, fertilization period and application method. The soil testing and formulating fertilization technology includes five core links and nine key contents of “soil testing, formulation, fertilizer application, supply, and fertilization guidanceâ€.
First, field trials. Field trials are the fundamental way to get the best amount of fertilizers, fertilization time, and fertilization methods for various crops. They are also the basic steps for screening and verifying soil nutrient testing techniques and establishing fertilization indicators. Through field trials, the optimal fertilization amount, base, top dressing distribution ratio, fertilization period, and fertilization method for each fertilizer unit in different crops were grasped, and basic parameters such as soil nutrient correction coefficient, soil nutrient supply, crop soil fertility parameters, and fertilizer utilization rate were figured out. Construct a crop fertilization model to provide basis for fertilizer partitioning and fertilizer formulation.
Second, soil testing. Soil testing is one of the important basis for formulating fertilizer formulations. With the continuous adjustment of the crop structure in our country, high-yield crop varieties continue to emerge, the structure and quantity of fertilization have undergone great changes, and the soil nutrient pool has also undergone significant changes. By conducting soil nutrient tests of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, we can understand the status of soil fertility.
Third, formula design. Fertilizer formulation is the core of soil testing and fertilizer application. By summarizing field experiments, soil nutrient data, etc., divisions of fertilization zones in different regions were divided; at the same time, based on the similarities and differences in climate, landforms, soils, and farming systems, combined with expert experience, fertilizer formulations for different crops were proposed.
Fourth, the correction test. In order to ensure the accuracy of the fertilizer formula and minimize the risk of mass production and large-area application of the formula fertilizer, three treatments including formula fertilization, customary fertilization for farmers, and blank fertilization were applied to each fertilization subdivision unit to local main crops and their main Planted varieties were the subjects of the study, and the effect of increasing the yield of formula fertilization was compared, the fertilization parameters were verified, the formula of fertilizer was verified and improved, and the technical parameters of soil fertilization for formula fertilization were improved.
Fifth, formula processing. The implementation of the formulation into the farmer's field is the most critical step in improving and popularizing soil testing and fertilizer application techniques. At present, different regions have different models. The most important and most promising market mode of operation is market-oriented operation, factory-based processing, and networked operation. This model adapts to the fact that rural peasants in China have low scientific and technological quality, small-scale land management, and separation of technologies.
Six, demonstration and promotion. In order to promote soil testing and formula fertilization technology to be implemented in the field, it is necessary to solve the market-oriented operation of soil testing and fertilizer application technology, but also to let the majority of farmers see the actual results, which is a "bottleneck" to limit the spread of soil testing and fertilizer application technology. . To establish a demonstration soil fertilization demonstration area, establish a window for farmers, establish a model, and comprehensively demonstrate the technical effect of soil testing and formula fertilization, which is a work to be done before the promotion. Promote the “one-bag fertilizer†model and materialize the soil testing and fertilization technology into products.
VII. Publicity and training. Farmers are the end-users of soil testing and fertilization techniques. They urgently need to teach farmers scientific fertilization methods and models; at the same time, they must strengthen system training for technicians at various levels, fertilizer production companies, and fertilizer dealers, and gradually establish technicians and fertilizers. Business license holders.
Eight, the effect evaluation. Farmers are the ultimate implementers and implementers of soil testing and fertilization techniques, and they are also the ultimate beneficiaries. Test the actual effect of soil testing and formula fertilization, obtain timely feedback from farmers, and constantly improve the management system, technical system and service system. At the same time, in order to scientifically evaluate the actual effect of soil testing and formula fertilization, a certain area must be dynamically investigated.
Nine, technological innovation. Technological innovation is a scientific and technological support for ensuring the long-term effectiveness of soil testing and fertilizer application. The focus will be on innovative research in fields such as field test methods, soil nutrient testing techniques, fertilizer preparation methods, and data processing methods, so as to continuously improve the technical level of soil testing and fertilizer application.
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