Into the world
Throughout the ages, 800-dong Dongting Lake is the birthplace and main producing area of ​​Chinese sturgeon. Located on the west bank of Dongting Lake, Hanshou County is rich in Chinese sturgeons. In the 1950s, the annual export volume reached 60 tons. However, under the influence of “grain as the key link†and large-scale agriculture, the ecological balance has been severely damaged. Chinese sturgeon production has been declining year by year and natural populations are in decline. In the 1970s, exports were less than 1 ton. In the winter of 1975, the King of the Netherlands set up a state banquet to entertain VIPs and sought 2 tons of soft-shelled turtles from all over the world. Only Yu Hongtao, a foreign trade company of Hanshou County Foreign Trade Company, took over the international list and provided 2 tons of fresh soft-shelled turtle in time. shock the world. Fifteen newspapers from domestic, South Asian, and Western European countries have reproduced "China's Hunan decentralized youth Yue Hongtao's artificial turtle success."
In the spring of 1978, the National Science Conference was convened. You Hongtao attended the event. “Artificial Hatchery Fighting Turtle†won the National Scientific Congress’s Grand Prize for Scientific and Technological Achievements. On April 25, the county party committee held a 1,000-person meeting to convey the spirit of the National Science Conference. At the meeting, Yutao Hong described the moving scenes at the National Science Conference. In July, Emei Film Studio came to Han Shou and filmed a news education film, “The Soft-shelled Turtleâ€. Since then, Hanshou Chinatown has become famous in the world!
Build China's first
In August 1978, Tian Houfeng, executive deputy director of the Provincial Science and Technology Commission, came to Hanshou and Qiu Deding, deputy director of the County Standing Committee and County Revolutionary Committee, on how to achieve technological breakthroughs and aquaculture leap for the artificial breeding of Chinese sinensis. The relevant issues were carefully studied and consensus reached. By the Provincial Science and Technology Commission project, allocated three funds for science and technology, organized experts to the county and local technical personnel to cooperate in research; the county set up scientific research institutions, determine the scientific research and breeding base. The county party committee and the county government decided to allocate 300 mu of land, 30,000 kilograms of grain, and 25,000 yuan of funds to set up a special aquatic research institute.
On December 31st, the Spring Festival approached. Qiu Deding raised funds from all directions and launched more than 4,000 migrant workers to fight 50 days and nights to complete 110,000 cubic meters of earth, 22 ponds, 100 acres of water, and 50 acres of the park. Soon the 300 mu research and breeding base was built. In 1979, the Provincial Science and Technology Commission allocated a special fund of 200,000 yuan.
On June 28, 1982, Commissioner Yang Huiquan of Changde visited the company. After seeing special aquatic products such as turtles, turtles, bullfrogs, and pearls, they said happily: “This place is too small. We must have room to extend. We must have more than 500 mu of water in combination with scientific research and production.†The county government allocated 300 more land. Mu, the area allocated matching funds of 200,000 yuan. The scale of the base has been expanded to 600 acres and it has become the first special Chinese aquaculture research institute in China and abroad.
Scientific research results
In August 1978, the Provincial Science and Technology Commission invited Liu Tong (an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering), associate professor of the Department of Biology of Hunan Normal University, to be the general manager of the special aquatic research group. In November, the provincial planning commission and the provincial science committee issued an artificial hatching culture of the turtle. , fast-growing and long-term technical research tasks.
The Experimental Research Project of Artificial Breeding and Aquaculture of Soft-shelled Turtle (Cyprinus carpio) was presided over by Prof. Liu Xiu. The cooperation of the hospital and the division of labor: Biology Department focused on the “Study on the development of the gonads of the common turtle†and “Ecological factors such as temperature†(Research on the Effect of Embryonic Development of Soft-shelled Turtles) and Theoretical Study of Mixed Feeding Experiments of Fish and Clams; Chengyu, species, etc. for observation, anatomical analysis. Liu Xi combined with Tao Tao’s practice of artificial turtle rearing, elaborated plans, formulated detailed rules for implementation, regularly checked, analyzed, and summarized, adjusted research plans in a timely manner to ensure that one year went deep into one year, and Yu Hongtao “followed his actions†and put it into production practice. Cao Guangyou strictly manages, regularly inspects and timely organizes trial data of production practices to ensure that the plan is implemented truthfully.
On December 19-21, 1981, the Provincial Science Committee presided over the appraisal meeting of the "Research on the reproductive physiology, artificial breeding and application of the soft-shelled turtle (Rockfish)". The meeting passed the “Technical Appraisal Certificate†and “consistently believes that: the study of the reproductive physiology of quail has advanced domestic level; explore the mode of polyculture of the mullet, and achieved obvious experimental production results. It is recommended that the State Fisheries Administration, Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Committee In addition, the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture will include the artificial breeding of alfalfa and the polyculture of fish and alfalfa in the demonstration and promotion project, and actively organize and popularize it according to local conditions.â€
In 1982, the research results of "Reproducing Physiology and Artificial Breeding and Its Application of Flyfish (Rockfish)" won the third prize of the provincial government's scientific and technological achievements. In 1983, it was incorporated into the "China Encyclopedia Yearbook" and technical data were successively incorporated into the biology textbooks of colleges and universities.
"Technical Development of Special Aquatic Turtles and Bullfrogs" won the gold award in 1988 at the Xi'an Exhibition of the National Spark Program Project and at the Beijing Expo of the "7-5" Spark Technology Achievements in 1991; in November 1991, Fang Zhigang, etc. Won the second prize of National Spark Technology, 9 gold medals. Gao Deshun, the deputy county governor, won the award in Beijing. As a county-level government leader, he can embark on the National Science and Technology Achievement Podium. It is unprecedented and only Han Shou has won the award.
Rapid development of Fuyang
After the major scientific research results were obtained from the research of the soft-shelled turtle, it attracted the attention of the people from all walks of life to the central government and came to the county to guide, support, encourage and urge the achievements to be transformed into productive forces as soon as possible.
Leaders attach importance to direction. As early as 1980, when General Secretary Hu Yaobang visited Hunan, he pointed out: "Hunan's special aquatic products are very well caught! Fighting turtles and raising pearls has become a typical model.
On May 1st, 1983, the provincial party committee secretary Mao Zhi used to inspect the special branch when he emphasized: "From what you see here, you must believe that scientific and technological personnel are simply skilled. The provincial science and technology commission gives money support, especially building a greenhouse, so that The soft-shelled turtle grows faster."
On November 21, 1988, Song Jian, State Councilor and director of the State Science and Technology Commission, visited the Special Fisheries Research Institute. Even claimed that "scientific research achievement is great" and instructed: "Hanshou has a great advantage, do not be bound by thousands of households. The special aquatic products into an industrial group, the State Science and Technology Commission to take a little, the provincial science and Technology Commission to take a little technology Funds are used as funds, and local governments can take loans and engage in self-financing to form an industrial group with a total value of 100 million yuan."
To strengthen the promotion, the county spread out. On June 2, 1984, Xiao Mingde, secretary of the county party committee, presided over a special aquatic product seminar and proposed that it would take 3 to 5 years for the county's output value to exceed 300 million yuan. Decided to set up a special leading group for high-yielding adult fish production demonstrations, mobilize national, collective, and professional households together; invest in scientific and technological development funds of the Science and Technology Commission and bank science and technology loans; invest in soft-shelled turtles and adult fishes; Miao; County Department of Fisheries engaged in polyculture of fish and fish, with funds of 30,000 yuan; South Lake development of bullfrogs and crabs. The county trained 25 technical backbones and returned to the countryside to retrain fish farmers. When they were implemented in the same year, the first success was achieved, which opened the prelude to the promotion of special aquatic products.
On May 1, 1986, Liu Xi, You Hongtao, Fang Zhigang, Chen Xinchu, Yang Chaokun, and Cao Guangyou chose various breeding modes such as monoculture of soft-shelled turtle, mixed polyculture of fish and fish, single-cultivation of rice and fish larvae, and cultivation of rice frog frogs. In the areas of Anle, Chenjia Tower, Xiqiao Mountain, Ling Lake, Duck Harbor Maple Forest, Can Head Tsui Fishing, Danan Lake, and County Agricultural Science Institute and other places, demonstrations were held to lead the way.
On September 26, 1991, Zuo Liansheng, secretary of the county party committee, pointed out at the county agricultural restructuring meeting: “The market price of turtles has been rising, and the county has to engage in special aquaculture. The lake district and the hill area together cannot be reached in the village. Mu, also on the 2 and 3 acres.†August 4, 1992, the new county head Hudda, in the county cadres meeting, put forward: “Special fishery counties to do large, township to do moderate, each family Every household wants to be small, and all counties have developed special aquatic products.†On December 19, 1992, the county leaders Lu Zexun and Jie Zhengnan formed the Hanshou County Noble Fisheries General Corporation for the development of special aquatic products, industrialization, and commercialization. Provides examples.
Implementation of the Spark, Shinohara China. In 1985, the "Technical Development of Special Aquatic Turtles and Bullfrogs" was listed in the National Spark Plan Project No. 001, with a total of 1 million yuan. Twelve extension development research missions were issued.
In the implementation of the Spark Program, the county science committee, the county Agricultural Bank, and the County Teke Institute jointly formed a special aquatic promotion team. Traveled to all townships in the county and sent the technology to households. The county’s Agricultural Bank’s standing science and technology loan was 300,000 yuan. The loan at the beginning of the year was received at the end of the year, and it was changed every year to develop batch after batch. A successful, bright one.
After the successful application of special aquatic products in ponds, rice fields and forest lands, it turned to natural lakes in the county. At the beginning of 1987, more than 10 such as “Four Home Fishâ€, squid, soft-shelled turtle, bullfrog, crab, snail, lycium, saccharin, and European and American poplar were used for technical assembly to develop Xihu Lake. The fish production value was achieved in January 1988 56 RMB 10,000, Xianglian 70,000 yuan, soft-shelled turtle and seedlings RMB 50,000, totaling RMB 680,000, which is an increase of RMB 370,000 over 1986. Gain a natural and extensive experience of the success of the lake.
In October 1987, with the support of the Provincial Science and Technology Commission Missionary Office, a special aquatic training center was established. Trained more than 10,000 people.
On November 12-13, 1989, the Provincial Science and Technology Commission presided over the acceptance of the “Specialty Aquatic Turtle and Bullfrog Technology Developmentâ€. The meeting passed the acceptance opinion: According to the “Contractâ€, the technical and economic indicators were fully completed and the figures were reliable. Based on the existing scientific research results, the frog and bullfrog made new progress in development research and achieved a leading position in China; In addition to providing more than 10 million seedlings to the community, more than 10,000 trainees have been trained and methods have been adopted. The economic benefits have been significant. The counties have made profits of 4.5 million yuan, and the country has spread and benefit feedback has reached more than 7500 million yuan; the direction is clear. Technical support, with advanced domestic level; the proposed national large-scale promotion, and create more social wealth.
Major decision-making, economic growth. By July 1992, there were 3,940 specialized fisheries households in the county, such as Zhou Guocheng, Liu Shusheng, Chen Huanyou, Zhou Dequan, and Wu Fazheng. The annual income was over 200,000 yuan, of which Wu Fatzheng had accumulated more than 600,000 yuan. According to estimates of 3940 households, the annual production value is over 70 million yuan. Special aquatic products benefit the people and the Tibetan people.
In July 1993, in order to meet new business opportunities, Cao Guangyou built a 2.3-square-meter warming pond in his own house. In August, 100 juvenile cockroaches were fed. By December, individual weight gains amounted to 100-150 grams, not only Good survival, particularly fast growth. Created a successful road to rapid conservation. This has aroused special attention from provincial, municipal and county leaders, science and technology, and the fisheries industry. Home inspections and visitors are endless.
On March 16, 1995, Party Secretary Wang Maolin came to Hanshou to inspect and approved Hanshou’s comprehensive plan for the development of Chinese sturgeon and said to Liu Benzhi: “According to Cao Guangyou, raising the efficiency of breeding sturgeons is high. I don’t want to be as high as I can. Achieving a net profit of 15% means that farmers will have enough money to use.†At the same time, all provincial units, especially the Agricultural Bank of China, have provided the Hanshou Agricultural Bank with an additional capacity of 70 million yuan to support the turtle industry.
The county party committee and the county government have adopted a series of important measures to implement the instructions of the provincial party committee secretary. At this time, the price of Chinese sturgeon rose, with a price of 180 yuan for each city and 18 yuan for each turtle. The entire county leads the ranks, the government agencies are active, and the farmers spontaneously support themselves. Yangyizui, Canglanghe, Xiqiaoshan, Xiaonanhu, Majiachong, and Xihuyu were soon established. The precious aquatic products company, Chinese sturgeon breeding research company, Jinglong company, and Hunan old science association Hanshou Chinese quail breeding demonstration field four major enterprises. There are countless large and small turtle farms and companies in the villages and towns. Hanshou became the ocean of turtles.
According to the “Special Investigation Report on China's Special Fishery Villageâ€, “Special aquatic production value in Hanshou County reached 287.36 million yuan in 1994, accounting for 22.1% of the county’s total agricultural output value of 1.3 billion yuan, and accounting for 2.1 billion yuan for industrial and agricultural output value in the county. Yuan's 13.6%." "The county's special aquatic products realized a profit and tax of 112.794 million yuan, of which the national tax was 5.8 million yuan, accounting for 27.37% of the county's agricultural tax revenue. ... The net income of farmers was 82.924 million yuan, accounting for 10.9% of the county's net income for farmers. In 1995, the development of special aquatic products in Hanshou County was getting larger and larger. There were 5,000 acres of purebred Chinese sturgeon breeding bases, 400,000 kilograms of relatives, and 18,400 households that warmed and raised farms to form 100,000 people. Turtle industry army. Accumulative training technology has been accumulated to more than 50,000 units and professional farmers in 29 provinces and cities across the country, providing hundreds of tons of seedlings, hundreds of millions of seedlings, and countless cubs, becoming a veritable National turtle production base. As a result, transportation, postal telecommunications, financial savings, fiscal taxation, catering accommodation, building materials construction, commodity logistics, household appliances, culture and entertainment, etc. are all inspiring. Everyone is busy making a fortune, everyone is smiling, and urban and rural areas present a school of thought. Bustling scene.
In 1996, the price of Chinese sturgeon was extremely high, with 680 yuan for each turtle and 38 yuan for each seedling. It is like "1 Chuangtai TV" and "1 Cockroach 1 gram of gold." This abnormal phenomenon can no longer be stopped. Not only Hanshou, but the entire country. This year, according to statistics from relevant state agencies, the annual value of turtles in the country has reached 5 billion yuan. Hanshou County and Changde City refer to the soft-shelled turtle industry as the "aircraft carrier" that develops the local economy.
Turtle Industry Infinity
It is imminent to protect the original species of Chinese sturgeon. According to Professor Liu Kai's research on the "Research on the Resource of Soft-shelled Turtles," the turtles are divided into two genera: one is a genus and the other is a soft-shelled turtle; the other three are: a Chinese oyster, a mountain arugula and a sand plover. Since July 1996, a number of tropical and low-quality maggots have been smuggled into Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. This has led to the mixing and genetic pollution of the resources of China's Chinese quail species, and has also brought with them germs and viruses. On April 22, 1999, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Circular on Prohibiting the illegal import of soft-shelled turtles from abroad."
A variety of ways to breed high quality crickets. In the domestic soft-shelled turtle market, the low-end soft-shelled turtle has been oversupply, and the high-grade turtles are in serious shortage. In the low profile, except for smuggling, it is the growth of feed that is produced in artificial breeding. The high-grade oysters, that is, high-quality soft-shelled turtles, are grown from animal foods. These types of foods do not have hormones and drugs. They grow slowly, and they have grown into long-term products for 3 years. They are flat, meaty, and chew. Two intra-abdominal fats are pure yellow. To grasp the market's favorable opportunities for high-quality high-quality soft-shelled turtles, we will open up breeding models such as "fish and polyculture," "polyculture of oysters (pearl oysters)," "cultivation of rice and fish oysters," and "lotus pool culture." Let the earthworms prey on natural snails, shrimps, and aquatic animals in the water body, and artificially feed low-quality white mullet and other small shoal fishes as staple foods.
The company adds farmers' marketing management. With the changes in the market, the government must strengthen the regulation and control of the soft-shelled turtle industry, and provide support and guidance for the regionalization, specialization, and large-scale development. Organize regionalized associations to integrate decentralized farmers and help each other; establish joint companies by associations; companies provide services for farmers, produce, sell, supply, sell, build brands, strengthen competitiveness, and play financial and credit facilities. Leverage, actively provide farmers with the required annual production turnover.
Take the deep processing of the road. "The whole body of the soft-shelled turtle is a treasure." Under the premise of owning the self-cultivation and self-cultivation of pure Chinese sturgeon, it is promising to develop edible processing, medicinal and health food processing. Edible rough processing: suitable for consumers at various levels. Deep processing of medicinal and health foods: Skullcaps treats acne; Hepatitis cures liver disease and “SARS†and stones; Intestinal fever is superior to antelope horn; Hepatobiliary heparin cures liver disease; Fat treats hypertension; Blood flushing cures blood vessels The whole body of the hernia was treated with liquid nitrogen at 296°C, crushed to make "fructose powder", with anticancer effect (Japanese confirmed) or by adding whole body (removing gastrointestinal residue) into brown sugar bag Steaming food also has an anti-cancer effect. It can also make oral health foods such as turtle soup and turtle fish wine. The county should establish a scientific research team for food processing and biopharmaceuticals. Once the research is successful, the breeding efficiency will increase by tens or even hundreds of times. It is more permanent, more applicable, and more extensive than any industrial project. On the rich "Rock", Xiaokang Hanshou will be implemented in advance.
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