Maize is the third largest food crop in our province, and its planting area exceeds 6 million mu. However, the proportion of its mechanized operations is much lower than that of rice and wheat. There are widespread problems in production such as mixed varieties, random sowing dates, and various seeding methods, which seriously restrict the development of corn production. . Through mechanized sowing, it is possible to achieve unification of varieties, sowing time, and sowing methods, which is conducive to production guidance. By mechanized harvesting, appropriate late harvests can be achieved, and the 1,000-grain weight of maize can be increased without affecting the proper sowing of wheat, and the total amount of straw can also be returned. field. The key technologies for cornmechanization production are described below.
Equipment selection corn planter supporting more than 80 horsepower driving machinery, hanging farmer haha ​​2BCYF-4 type corn precision seeder, single seeding does not require seedlings, sowing, fertilization once completed.
The field preparation is suitable for the moisture content of 70% in 10 cm deep soil. Trench ditch before planting. The height of stubble left before summer corn sowing was not higher than 15 cm. After the straw was crushed, it was sprinkled on the surface.
Seeding requirements (1) sowing time. Spring maize was sown in sunny days from the end of March to April 5, and summer maize was sown around June 20th to avoid the occurrence of rough shrinkage. (2) Variety selection and row spacing configuration. Suyu 20, Zhengdan 958 and other seed-enhancing plant species were selected for seed treatment with seed coating agents. 60 cm spacing for seeding and harvesting machinery. (3) sowing quality. Generally, the amount per mu is 2.5 to 3 kg, sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm, and the sowing depth in sandy land and arid area is increased by 1 to 2 cm.
Field management timely nursery seedlings to improve the uniformity of the group. During the period of 3 leaves, seedlings will be planted in the 5-leaf stage, compact maize varieties will be planted with 5000-6000 strains per mu, and big ear-type corn varieties will be planted with 4000-4500 plants per mu. Appropriate field water capacity in each growth period of maize was about 75% of sowing date, 60% to 75% of seedling stage, 65% to 75% of jointing stage, 75% to 85% of heading stage, and 65% to 75% of filling stage.
Scientific fertilization usually produces 800 kilograms of land per mu. Each acre requires 20 to 25 kg of pure nitrogen, 8 to 10 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 20 to 24 kg of potassium oxide, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate. Fertilizer management, re-applied fertilizer and ear fertilizer, make-up application of flower fat. Fertilizer applied laterally at the time of sowing with 45% compound fertilizer per acre of 20-30 kilograms; 50% of the total nitrogen applied in the big bell mouth stage was used as panicle fertilizer; 20% of the total nitrogen applied during grain filling stage was used as flowering grain fertilizer. . Sulfur-containing corn can also be used as a special slow-release fertilizer, as a one-time application of fertilizer.
Prevention of pests and weeds (1) weeds. After sowing, it is recommended to use 40% Acetone wet powder, 33% Pendimethalin EC, and 72% Metolachlor EC for soil sealing. When the moisture level is poor, it can be in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of corn. Grass 2-5 leaf stage spray with 4% Nicosulfuron suspension agent, or in the corn 7-8 leaf stage with paraquat directional spray control. (2) pests. Shoots with diflubenzuron, phoxim and other spray control of armyworm, spraying with imidacloprid control thrips. The small bell mouth period is mixed with 1.25 kg of 1.5% phoxim granules and 7.5 kg of fine sand, and is poured into the hearts of the leaves, each irrigating 1.5 to 2 grams. (3) Diseases. In the early stage of rust disease, spraying with 25% triadimefon WP 1000 to 1500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 500 to 1000 times.
The mechanized harvesting corn drive machinery needs about 100 horsepower. The technical and economic indicators of the selected model should reach: the combined harvesting total loss rate (grain, ear) ≤ 5%, the grain breakage rate ≤ 1%, the ear's impurity rate ≤ 5 %, earing rate ≤ 5%; stalk returning operation to stay sorghum height ≤ 10 cm, returning stalk shredding pass rate ≥ 90%, returning stalks spread uneven rate ≤ 20%. Harvested when corn kernels are ripe and moisture drops to 20%. According to whether the straw is recycled or not, use the ear machine or the stem-and-ear hybrid model.
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