Chrysanthemum is a famous flower in China because of its variety, colorfulness and versatility. In addition to its high ornamental value, it also has medicinal and edible value, and it is popular among the public. However, there are many pests and diseases in the process of chrysanthemum planting. If mismanagement occurs and pests and diseases occur, it will seriously affect its ornamental value and economic benefits. The common pests and diseases of chrysanthemum are introduced as follows.
One, rust rust disease has black rust, white rust, brown rust, etc., are infected by spores, when the weather is humid, easy to disease. The earliest appeared in early July and the onset was severe in September.
Rust mainly harms the leaves and stems of chrysanthemums, with leaf victims as the most important. Black rust is one of the more common types of rust. It begins to appear pale spots on the surface of the leaves and gradually enlarges to form slightly rounded protrusions. The epidermis of the abaxial surface soon produces a pile of orange-yellow powder that scatters in the wind and spreads in large areas. . Afterwards, dark black oval spots were produced on the leaves, and black powder was produced after the epidermis ruptured. In severe cases, the whole plant was infected from the bottom up and the leaves became dry. On the surface of white rust, gray and white round lesions appear on the surface of the leaves, gradually dry to reddish-brown, and finally to dark brown. In severe cases, it will cause the death of the chrysanthemum, which is more serious than the black rust. Brown rust leaf surface dense brown or orange yellow spots, causing leaves yellow.
Rust is a common disease of chrysanthemum. The pathogen is basidiomycotina, white rust is caused by genus Puccinia, and black rust is caused by bacterium. Pathogens usually overwinter in plant sprouts, spread with the propagation of the plant, and spread through wind, rain, and insects. Pathogens are cool, not resistant to high temperatures, which first appeared in June-July, but occurred in September-December, and were less likely to infect at temperatures below 6°C or above 31°C. In the warm and humid season, favorable diseases occur. Foot, poor ventilation, large temperature difference between day and night, the most likely to occur at 10-24 °C, with cold, rainy, warm and cold nights, wet weather occurs more serious.
Poor cultivation and management, poor ventilation and light transmission, low-lying, poor drainage, lack of fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer, and high air humidity all promote the occurrence of chrysanthemum rust. Poor ventilation, poor light transmission, soil compaction, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilization, lack of fertilizer, and continuous cropping for many years are all serious.
Prevention methods (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties;
(2) The maternal plant should ensure no pests and diseases during propagation, and cuttings with mancozeb solution during cutting can prevent propagation of the cuttings.
(3) Strengthen cultivation management. If the soil moisture is high and the groundwater level is high, pay attention to draining water. Potted plants should pay attention to clear drainage holes or holes to prevent irrigation. Avoid dense planting, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, control fertilizer and water, and do not make the soil too moist. In case of rainy weather, the water in the fields should be drained to prevent the spread of germs with water splashes. Based on the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be appropriately added to improve the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. Cultivation soil should be disinfected with new soil. Do not continue cropping. The ground cultivation of chrysanthemums was severely affected by disease in September and November, and even more rain and heavy rain, and the air humidity was high. It was cultivated year after year and it was easily susceptible to disease. Should pay attention to strengthen ventilation, drainage, dehumidification, increase light;
(4) Control the spread of diseases. Once the diseased leaves and diseased branches are found to be cut off in time, concentration of deep management or manure application can eliminate the above pathogens and prevent the spread of pathogens. After flowering, the diseased plant leaves must be completely removed, and burned in a concentrated manner to eliminate the source of infection;
(5) Prior to germination in early spring, spray the wave of 3-4 degrees lime sulfur. Spray 80% mancozebite 50O times, 25% Triadimefon 1500 times, 20% Versicolor EC 4O0 times, 25% Metalaxyl WP 800 times, 5% Methion Copper during onset. Wettable powder 6O0 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, spray once every 7-10 days, alternate use, even spray 3-4 times, can achieve good control effect.
Second, powdery mildew is mainly harmful to leaves and stems. The lesioned leaves are white powdery lesions. When severe, the leaves deform, stop growing and the plants wither.
The disease is caused by a fungus in the fungus, and it spreads from the fungus to the winter from August to September. At the beginning of the disease, small white spots appeared and gradually expanded into irregular spots. White powder was grown on the spots, resulting in curling of the leaves, malformed branches, small and small flowers, and even death of whole plants. When the disease is serious, white mycelium can be found on the leaves and buds, which is like a layer of powder cream, which makes the twigs and leaves deform and seriously affect the ornamental effect. Especially in greenhouse cultivation, the disease spread very rapidly.
The disease is most susceptible to infection at higher temperatures, greater humidity, less light, poor ventilation, and a temperature difference of around 10°C between day and night.
Prevention methods (1) Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, row spacing should not be too dense, soil moisture can not be too high;
(2) removal of early diseased leaves;
(3) spraying carbendazim, 50% wettable thiophanate 800-1000 times solution, dinitrate 200 times solution, 50% dexamethasone 1000 times solution or 0.2-0.5% lime sulfur agent before onset in July-August, Once a week, spray 4-5 times continuously.
Third, gray mold Grey mold mainly harm chrysanthemum leaves, stems, flowers and other parts. When the leaves were damaged, they showed brown lesions on the edge of the leaves. The surface was slightly rim-like and wrinkled. The petiole and pedicel were softened first, and then the skin rotted. When flowers are damaged, they affect seed maturity. High temperature and rain, over-application of nitrogen fertilizers, too dense planting, and heavy soil texture all contribute to the occurrence of gray mold.
Control methods (1) planting soil. The pathogens mainly in winter in the soil, therefore, regardless of the garden or potted plants, the soil is required to be a new pathogen-free soil;
(2) It is found that diseased leaves and heavy diseased plants should be promptly removed, burned or buried deeply to prevent spread of disease;
(3) Before the new planting of the chrysanthemum is planted, 65% of the zinc can be used to dip the root for 10-15 minutes;
(4) Pay attention to cultivation management, pay attention to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to open ditch in the rainy season, and prevent soil irrigation;
(5) In the early stage of the disease, Bomi 0.3-0.5 degrees of fungicide such as lime sulfur, zeocin and carbendazim can be sprayed.
Fourth, leaf spot
1, black spot
2, brown spot
3, round spot disease
4, spot disease five, virus disease six, nematode seven, wilt disease eight, root rot
One, rust rust disease has black rust, white rust, brown rust, etc., are infected by spores, when the weather is humid, easy to disease. The earliest appeared in early July and the onset was severe in September.
Rust mainly harms the leaves and stems of chrysanthemums, with leaf victims as the most important. Black rust is one of the more common types of rust. It begins to appear pale spots on the surface of the leaves and gradually enlarges to form slightly rounded protrusions. The epidermis of the abaxial surface soon produces a pile of orange-yellow powder that scatters in the wind and spreads in large areas. . Afterwards, dark black oval spots were produced on the leaves, and black powder was produced after the epidermis ruptured. In severe cases, the whole plant was infected from the bottom up and the leaves became dry. On the surface of white rust, gray and white round lesions appear on the surface of the leaves, gradually dry to reddish-brown, and finally to dark brown. In severe cases, it will cause the death of the chrysanthemum, which is more serious than the black rust. Brown rust leaf surface dense brown or orange yellow spots, causing leaves yellow.
Rust is a common disease of chrysanthemum. The pathogen is basidiomycotina, white rust is caused by genus Puccinia, and black rust is caused by bacterium. Pathogens usually overwinter in plant sprouts, spread with the propagation of the plant, and spread through wind, rain, and insects. Pathogens are cool, not resistant to high temperatures, which first appeared in June-July, but occurred in September-December, and were less likely to infect at temperatures below 6°C or above 31°C. In the warm and humid season, favorable diseases occur. Foot, poor ventilation, large temperature difference between day and night, the most likely to occur at 10-24 °C, with cold, rainy, warm and cold nights, wet weather occurs more serious.
Poor cultivation and management, poor ventilation and light transmission, low-lying, poor drainage, lack of fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer, and high air humidity all promote the occurrence of chrysanthemum rust. Poor ventilation, poor light transmission, soil compaction, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilization, lack of fertilizer, and continuous cropping for many years are all serious.
Prevention methods (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties;
(2) The maternal plant should ensure no pests and diseases during propagation, and cuttings with mancozeb solution during cutting can prevent propagation of the cuttings.
(3) Strengthen cultivation management. If the soil moisture is high and the groundwater level is high, pay attention to draining water. Potted plants should pay attention to clear drainage holes or holes to prevent irrigation. Avoid dense planting, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, control fertilizer and water, and do not make the soil too moist. In case of rainy weather, the water in the fields should be drained to prevent the spread of germs with water splashes. Based on the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be appropriately added to improve the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. Cultivation soil should be disinfected with new soil. Do not continue cropping. The ground cultivation of chrysanthemums was severely affected by disease in September and November, and even more rain and heavy rain, and the air humidity was high. It was cultivated year after year and it was easily susceptible to disease. Should pay attention to strengthen ventilation, drainage, dehumidification, increase light;
(4) Control the spread of diseases. Once the diseased leaves and diseased branches are found to be cut off in time, concentration of deep management or manure application can eliminate the above pathogens and prevent the spread of pathogens. After flowering, the diseased plant leaves must be completely removed, and burned in a concentrated manner to eliminate the source of infection;
(5) Prior to germination in early spring, spray the wave of 3-4 degrees lime sulfur. Spray 80% mancozebite 50O times, 25% Triadimefon 1500 times, 20% Versicolor EC 4O0 times, 25% Metalaxyl WP 800 times, 5% Methion Copper during onset. Wettable powder 6O0 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, spray once every 7-10 days, alternate use, even spray 3-4 times, can achieve good control effect.
Second, powdery mildew is mainly harmful to leaves and stems. The lesioned leaves are white powdery lesions. When severe, the leaves deform, stop growing and the plants wither.
The disease is caused by a fungus in the fungus, and it spreads from the fungus to the winter from August to September. At the beginning of the disease, small white spots appeared and gradually expanded into irregular spots. White powder was grown on the spots, resulting in curling of the leaves, malformed branches, small and small flowers, and even death of whole plants. When the disease is serious, white mycelium can be found on the leaves and buds, which is like a layer of powder cream, which makes the twigs and leaves deform and seriously affect the ornamental effect. Especially in greenhouse cultivation, the disease spread very rapidly.
The disease is most susceptible to infection at higher temperatures, greater humidity, less light, poor ventilation, and a temperature difference of around 10°C between day and night.
Prevention methods (1) Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, row spacing should not be too dense, soil moisture can not be too high;
(2) removal of early diseased leaves;
(3) spraying carbendazim, 50% wettable thiophanate 800-1000 times solution, dinitrate 200 times solution, 50% dexamethasone 1000 times solution or 0.2-0.5% lime sulfur agent before onset in July-August, Once a week, spray 4-5 times continuously.
Third, gray mold Grey mold mainly harm chrysanthemum leaves, stems, flowers and other parts. When the leaves were damaged, they showed brown lesions on the edge of the leaves. The surface was slightly rim-like and wrinkled. The petiole and pedicel were softened first, and then the skin rotted. When flowers are damaged, they affect seed maturity. High temperature and rain, over-application of nitrogen fertilizers, too dense planting, and heavy soil texture all contribute to the occurrence of gray mold.
Control methods (1) planting soil. The pathogens mainly in winter in the soil, therefore, regardless of the garden or potted plants, the soil is required to be a new pathogen-free soil;
(2) It is found that diseased leaves and heavy diseased plants should be promptly removed, burned or buried deeply to prevent spread of disease;
(3) Before the new planting of the chrysanthemum is planted, 65% of the zinc can be used to dip the root for 10-15 minutes;
(4) Pay attention to cultivation management, pay attention to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to open ditch in the rainy season, and prevent soil irrigation;
(5) In the early stage of the disease, Bomi 0.3-0.5 degrees of fungicide such as lime sulfur, zeocin and carbendazim can be sprayed.
Fourth, leaf spot
1, black spot
2, brown spot
3, round spot disease
4, spot disease five, virus disease six, nematode seven, wilt disease eight, root rot
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