Eight special aquatic product development

The breeding of special aquatic products has become increasingly important in China's aquaculture. It not only enriches the food basket, but also enables many farmers to rely on it to get rid of poverty and embark on a road to wealth. However, some farmers have suffered failures for various reasons, which has dampened the enthusiasm for farming. In order to promote the healthy development of the aquaculture of special aquatic products, according to some problems in the current development, we should pay attention to the following eight issues:
First, it is necessary to pay attention to predicting the development trend and feasibility. Practice has proved that in recent years, the cost of special aquatic product breeding is higher, the selling price of the product is more expensive, the consumption target is more “special”, and the market elasticity of the product is smaller, just like Chinese herbal medicine. It's a treasure, it's a grass, and the market is ups and downs, the price booms and ebbs, a few people make more money, and most people can lose money. For example, in the case of soft-shelled turtle culture, China’s output rose from 17,450 tons in 1996 to 30,000 tons in 1997. The market price of 500 grams of soft-shelled turtle dropped from about 300 yuan in 1996 to only 50 yuan to 70 yuan. Already near the cost price. Turtles also fell from the original 35 yuan to 5 yuan to 10 yuan. Another example is carp farming. Due to rapid development, the output has increased substantially, and the price has dropped to about RMB 50 to RMB 60 per kilogram, making the breeding industry in trouble. Therefore, in considering the development of a certain type of special aquatic products, we must carefully analyze the market's needs and capacity, and predict the development trend and feasibility. The following statistics should be known in advance:
1. Daily sales and holiday sales of general residents.
2. The demand for restaurants and hotels nearby.
3. Sales in large and medium-sized cities nearby.
4. Sales of foreign trade exports and possible sales growth. Should be set aside in sales, do not blindly launched, one by one.
Second, we must pay attention to the possibility of feeding technology The biological characteristics of special aquatic products and the general culture of fish are often more differences, so their breeding techniques can not simply follow the farming techniques of ordinary fish. In particular, certain types of requirements are more stringent, and more complete equipment and feeding techniques are needed, otherwise it is extremely difficult to develop production. Such as water raising rainbow trout, bullfrog breeding, artificial propagation of river crab seedlings, leather beard seabream, and wintering preservation of tilapia, etc., when considering development, we must be fully equipped with technical personnel, technical design capabilities, construction capabilities, and breeding techniques. Prepare, plan carefully.
Third, we must pay attention to considering the type and quantity of feed supply in the special aquatic products, the feed supply problem is quite critical. It is also a problem that must be taken seriously to reduce the cost of breeding and increase economic efficiency. Many special aquatic products require animal feeds such as carp, mullet, rainbow trout, etc., and some even require fresh animal feeds such as bullfrogs.
The breeding of these species must consider the source and supply of animal feeds. Of course, feed costs must also be considered. For example, fishmeal, silkworm cocoons and other raw materials, although the protein content is high, but the price is also high, so it should be widely opened bait channels, such as the production of artificial mixing Feed, culture and live feed, such as cockroaches, fly maggots, tenebrio molitors, etc.; collect snails, maggots; use livestock and poultry waste (such as internal organs, blood); can also use polyculture methods to reduce the use of feed, such as Linyi City of Shandong The freshwater fish are polyculture; in addition, when ferocious fish are bred, it may be considered to stock some of the more fertile fish (such as tilapia) in the pond and use it to produce offspring to feed the fish. Feeding. In short, the problem of feed supply should attach great importance to local conditions. When the source of feed is insufficient, it should be set on a feeding basis.
Fourth, we must pay attention to wide-spread roads and attach importance to the development of foreign trade. The aquaculture of foreign trade is generally costly. Therefore, the price is also high, which restricts some consumers and makes the sales volume in the domestic market limited. Therefore, if large-scale production, it must be widely Sales channels. Certain species can be based on domestic consumption, such as blackfish, leather beard, tilapia and so on. Some varieties can be sold domestically combined with export, such as crab, herring, yellow peony and so on. And some ornamental or technological varieties, should be mainly exported, such as pearl processed products, goldfish, tropical fish and so on.
5. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the source of seedlings with stable test results is high in the cost of general seedling culture of special aquatic products. Therefore, it should be possible to choose breeds that are capable of self-cultivation, or varieties in which the source of seedlings can be stably obtained in nearby natural waters. For example, in some cities in Jiangsu Province, high-quality river oysters can be produced to develop river eel culture. For the development of tilapia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding, it is best to have overwintering conditions in order to cultivate broodstock and carry out self-cultivation in the second year. In some areas where traffic is inconvenient, high-quality maggots and maggots should be cultivated, such as Jianmao and Yinluo. Because these fish can breed on their own, seedlings can easily solve their own problems.
6. Attention should be paid to the full use of the local conditions. Advantages of special aquatic products breeding should take full advantage of local favorable conditions. For example, in areas where there are more rice fields, fish farming, shrimp farming, and crab farming can be developed. Cold weather in Shanxi, Gansu, and Heilongjiang, as well as other provinces and cities with cold water resources, can develop rainbow trout farming. Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and cities can develop breeds that are not tolerant of low temperatures, such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, leather beard owls and so on.
VII. It is necessary to pay attention to comprehensive operations and avoid single breeding and breeding of many special aquatic products. The technology is not yet fully cleared and sales channels are not completely open. Therefore, if a single species is kept, if it fails, economic losses cannot be compensated. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of comprehensive management, such as the combination of fish and rice, and the combination of fish, diamonds and earthworms.
VIII. Attention should be paid to strengthening economic accounting and paying special attention to economic benefits. Special economic aquaculture must be carried out. Economic accounting must be strictly conducted and the relationship between input and output must be emphasized. No matter whether it is scientific research investment or unpaid pilot investment allocated by superiors, it must be included in the cost. The construction must be depreciated. Ultimately, the breeding effect must be weighed against the net profit. Only in this way can the breeding of special aquatic products have the vitality for development.

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