1. Brown rot. Also known as vesicular disease, wet bubble disease. The main damage is mushrooms, straw mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and so on. The disease is caused by the fungus of the fungus mold.
Main characteristics: Fusarium spores and chlamydospore only infect fruiting bodies and do not infect mycelia. When the fruiting body is mildly infected, the stipe enlargement becomes a vesicular deformity and it is called a wet bulb disease. However, in the different stages of fruit body development, the illness is also different. When the fruiting body is infected when it is undifferentiated, there is a piece of irregular tissue like a hard-skinned horse-brown shape, which is covered with white villous hyphae and gradually turns dark brown, often dripping dark black juice drops. After the infection of the cap and stipe, the stipe became brown and on the pleats there were 2 white mycelial growths.
Transmission route: Fusarium is an ordinary soil fungus, and the soil and waste around the mushroom house is its source. Fusarium molds are mainly transmitted through the soil, air, operators, tools, and insects, mice, etc.
Control measures: If the casing soil is contaminated with Fusarium, pasteurization (60°C) can be used for 1 hour, or 4% formaldehyde can be used to sterilize the casing, and a 1:500 carbendazim solution can also be sprayed in the casing. Or thiophanate liquid sterilization. At the onset of the disease, immediately stop the water spray, increase the ventilation of the mushroom house, and spray 1%-2% formaldehyde solution or 1:500 carbendazim solution on the culture rack, wall, and ground. When the disease is severe, remove the cover soil, replace the new soil, and destroy the mushrooms. All the tools should be sterilized by 4% formaldehyde solution.
2. Fusarium wilt. Also known as dead blight, it is a physiological disease. The main damage mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Ling mushrooms, slider mushroom and so on.
Main characteristics: After the buds are formed, the disease can occur in fruit bodies of different sizes. After the onset of the disease, it stopped growing, yellowing, shrinking, becoming soft and dry, and eventually died or rotted.
Etiology: The occurrence of the disease is the result of a physical obstruction. The main reason is that the raw material is too dry after the formation of the primordium, so that the mushroom buds wither; or too dense, nutrition is not enough, so that some mushrooms die; or mushroom house temperature is too high, humidity is too large, ventilation is not Well, the excessive carbon dioxide content in the air is caused; when there are mushrooms that accidentally bumped the small buds, the disease will occur.
Control measures: When the fruiting body is withered, it is necessary to clarify the cause of the disease and take appropriate measures. Do not spray pesticides in mushroom houses after fruiting, otherwise it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. In particular, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus must not be sprayed with dichlorvos during fruiting.
3. Malformation mushroom disease. Physiological diseases. During the formation of fruit bodies, edible fungi encounter undesirable environments, and the fruit bodies will produce various deformities.
Main features: Small and thin cap, slender handle, early umbrella. This phenomenon occurs when Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus occur behind head oyster mushrooms, while shiitake mushrooms occur in head lice. The main cause is high temperature, insufficient light, lack of nutrition and so on.
Pleurotus ostreatus mainly occurs during the formation of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. The fruiting bodies are coral-like or capsular, while the stipe roots are thick. The main reason is the lack of light, poor ventilation, and high carbon dioxide levels. The occurrence of the fruiting body inversion is generally tilted toward the light side. The reason is the phototaxis of the fruit body in the growth process. When the light in the mushroom house is uneven, it will cause the disease. Mycelial atrophy, sometimes even death, often occurs during different growth processes. This is mainly due to the fact that the strains are not robust and they do not eat on the new culture materials; or the cultures have water content that is too dry or too wet; or The internal temperature is too high, resulting in burning bacteria; or poor ventilation in the culture material and inappropriate pH and so on.
Preventive measures: Every procedure and every process must be scientifically and strictly carried out according to requirements.
4. Stumble down. Is a fungal disease. It is mainly caused by molds of mold and mold. The main problem is that after the fruit body has been infested, the pith stem becomes brown and the mushroom body becomes short. The disease occurred early in life. It was similar to a healthy mushroom in appearance, but it was not easy to detect. It was just that the cap had darkened, the mushroom no longer grew, and it eventually became a mushroom.
Routes of Infection: Because the fungus fungus can survive in the soil for a long time, infection through the soil is the main route of transmission. It can also be transmitted through the air and some appliances.
Control methods: sterilizing the overburden is the main method of preventing and treating this disease. Generally use 1:500 carbendazim or thiophanate liquid spray disinfection.
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