Feeding dairy cows with silage in winter and spring

The shortage of green forage during winter and spring can be effectively addressed by using silage as a primary feed source for dairy cows. Once properly fermented in the pit for about 45 days, silage becomes a nutritious, soft, and flavorful feed that is ideal for maintaining cow health and milk production. However, when feeding silage to cows, there are three key factors to consider to ensure optimal results. First, it's essential to carefully evaluate the quality of the silage before feeding. 1. **Color**: High-quality silage should have a greenish or yellow-green appearance. If the silage appears black or brown, it may have spoiled or developed mold. In such cases, all affected silage must be discarded to avoid health risks to the cows. 2. **Smell**: Good silage has a sweet and sour aroma, often with a slight fruity or pear-like scent. A strong, foul, or overly sour smell indicates mold or fermentation issues, which require investigation and corrective actions before feeding. 3. **Texture**: The texture of good silage should be soft and moist. If it feels sticky, dry, or hard, it may have been contaminated or improperly preserved, and it should not be fed to cows without further treatment. Second, the feeding method plays a crucial role in maximizing the benefits of silage. Silage should be introduced gradually into the cow’s diet to prevent digestive upset. It is often mixed with other roughages like soybean meal, yew grass, or cereal grass. However, because silage lowers rumen pH and can lead to acidosis, it's advisable to add 3% baking soda to the concentrate feed. This helps neutralize acidity, support digestion, and improve milk yield. Additionally, mixing silage with hay before feeding prevents selective eating. For best results, especially in high-producing cows, it's recommended to fully mix silage, hay, and concentrates into a balanced total mixed ration (TMR). Third, the amount of silage fed should be adjusted based on the cow’s size and milk production. For example, a 500 kg cow producing 20 kg of milk daily can be fed 20 kg of silage plus 5 kg of hay. A 400 kg cow yielding 15 kg of milk may receive 15 kg of silage and 5 kg of hay. Cows producing less than 15 kg of milk may benefit from 15 kg of silage and 10 kg of hay. It’s important to stop feeding silage 15 days before and after calving. Dry cows should receive around 10 kg of silage per day, along with appropriate amounts of hay. Breeding cattle should be given less silage, ideally under 8 kg, while young animals should receive smaller quantities or no silage at all.

Roughness Profilometer

Roughness Profilometer, also known as surface roughness meter, surface smoothness meter, surface roughness tester, roughness measurement meter, roughness tester, and other names. It has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, easy operation, portability, and stable operation. It can be widely used for the detection of various metal and non-metal processing surfaces. This instrument is a pocket instrument that integrates sensors and hosts, with handheld characteristics, making it more suitable for use in production sites. The exterior design is sturdy and durable, with significant resistance to electromagnetic interference, in line with current design trends.

The application fields of roughness meters include:

1. Mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, mainly metal processing and manufacturing. Roughness meters were originally developed to detect the surface roughness of machined parts. Especially, stylus type roughness measuring instruments are more suitable for detecting hard metal surfaces. For example, the automotive parts processing and manufacturing industry, the mechanical parts processing and manufacturing industry, and so on. As long as these processing and manufacturing industries involve the surface quality of workpieces, the detection application of roughness meters is essential.

2. In the non-metallic processing and manufacturing industry, with the progress and development of technology, more and more new materials are applied to processing processes, such as ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, etc. Some bearings are now made of special ceramic materials, and pump valves are made of polyethylene materials. These materials have a hard texture, and some applications can replace metal materials to make workpieces. During production and processing, their surface roughness also needs to be tested.

3. With the continuous strengthening and improvement of the technology and functions of roughness meters, as well as their in-depth promotion and application, more and more industries have been found to require roughness detection. In addition to mechanical processing and manufacturing, roughness evaluation is also required in the production and processing of power, communication, electronics, such as couplings on switches, integrated circuit semiconductors, and even stationery, tableware, and other products used in people's daily lives The surface roughness of human teeth needs to be tested.

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