Fertilizers and farmyard manure should be used with attention to three key techniques: timing, method, and quantity.
First, pay attention to the timing. Farmyard manure is a slow-release fertilizer and should be applied early in the growing season, typically before sowing or during land preparation. This allows the nutrients to gradually integrate into the soil. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers take effect more quickly, so they should be applied about 7 days before the crop’s peak nutrient uptake period to maximize their effectiveness.
Second, focus on the application method. Compound fertilizers are best used as a base fertilizer, while urea works well as a top dressing. When using farmyard manure, it's recommended to mix it with deep plowing or incorporate it into the soil when building ridges. For optimal results, combine nitrogen-rich fertilizers with farmyard manure—30% as a base fertilizer and 70% as a top dressing. Phosphate and potash fertilizers are usually applied once as a base fertilizer.
Third, adjust the amount based on the crop type and soil fertility. When using both organic and chemical fertilizers, the quantities can vary. For example, in rice cultivation, farmers might apply 4 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 24 kg of urea, and 13 kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre. Alternatively, 13 kg of compound fertilizer could be used. For medium fertility soil, 3 cubic meters of manure, 20 kg of urea, or 12 kg of compound fertilizer may be sufficient. In high fertility soil, 2.5 cubic meters of manure and 15 kg of urea would be adequate.
By carefully considering these three aspects—timing, method, and quantity—farmers can ensure that their crops receive the right balance of nutrients at the right time, leading to healthier growth and better yields.
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