As the wheat harvest comes to an end, farmers are now turning their attention to sowing summer corn. To support them effectively, it's essential to provide guidance on key considerations during the planting process. Due to the high temperatures and humidity throughout the growing season, corn is particularly vulnerable to pests and diseases. Therefore, ensuring high-quality seed selection and proper seedling development is crucial for a successful crop.
The author recommends focusing on the following aspects during sowing:
1. **Seed Drying and Treatment**
Before planting, choose a sunny day to dry the seeds on a mat or cloth, which helps improve germination rates and kill surface pathogens. For seed treatment, mix 40% phoxim (100 ml) with 10% imidacloprid (20 g), and add 1 kg of water to 50 kg of seeds. This mixture should be applied and dried before sowing to protect against underground pests and planthoppers.
2. **Optimal Sowing Time and Quality**
Once wheat is harvested, early sowing is recommended to extend the growth period and boost yield. Use mechanical planting to ensure consistent row spacing and depth (3–5 cm). Seeds should be evenly distributed, and if using seed fertilizer, keep it separate from the seeds to avoid burning.
3. **Effective Weed Control**
During the hot and rainy season, weeds can quickly overtake the field. After the first irrigation, apply 48% clethodim or 42% yutianjing at 125–170 ml per mu, mixed with 30–45 kg of water. For large weeds, add 100 ml of paraquat. Ensure thorough coverage and sufficient water volume to penetrate thick residue and maximize herbicide efficiency.
4. **Balanced Fertilization**
Corn requires balanced nutrients based on soil conditions and yield goals. For every 500 kg of grain produced, about 15.5 kg of nitrogen, 7–8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 14 kg of potassium oxide are needed. Farmers should use controlled-release fertilizers like 22-10-14 or 22-8-14 at 30–40 kg per mu, keeping them at least 8–10 cm away from seeds. If using conventional fertilizers, limit application to no more than 20 kg per mu, especially those with high nitrogen content.
5. **Appropriate Planting Density**
Overcrowding can lead to lodging, poor pollination, and reduced yields. Recommended densities vary by variety: for example, Zhengdan 958 should be planted at 4,000–4,500 plants per mu, not exceeding 5,000. Other varieties like Great Wall 306 require around 3,800–4,200 plants, while rare types such as Daiyu No. 6 should be kept at 3,000–3,500. Row spacing should be adjusted accordingly, typically 60 cm apart.
In addition, comprehensive pest and disease management is essential. During the early growth stage, spray a mixture of imidacloprid or acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, and carbendazim to prevent slugs, thrips, and fungal diseases. This helps establish strong, healthy seedlings right from the start.
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