The cause and prevention of corn alopecia areata

Corn grain deficiency is a common issue observed in fields, and it can manifest in several different ways. One form is the "side not filling," where the ear lacks kernels from the base to the top on one side, often causing the ear to bend toward the empty side. Another form is uneven kernel distribution throughout the ear, with sparse and scattered grains. The third and most common type is the "bald tip," where the top portion of the ear has small, pale grains—sometimes white or yellowish. In severe cases, the bald tip can cover more than half of the ear, making it the primary cause of grain deficiency in corn. The main causes of corn alopecia are closely related to several factors. First, the variety of corn plays a significant role; some varieties are more susceptible to environmental stress than others. If the growing conditions exceed the tolerance level of the variety, it can lead to poor kernel development. Soil quality is another key factor—sandy soils with low fertility, poor water retention, and shallow root zones tend to result in underdeveloped ears and reduced grain fill. Nutritional imbalances, such as insufficient phosphorus or boron, or inadequate irrigation during critical growth stages like tasseling and silking, can also contribute to this problem. Climate conditions, such as prolonged droughts or extreme heat during pollination, can interfere with pollen viability and fertilization, leading to incomplete kernel formation. Excessive planting density or poor field management can reduce air circulation and sunlight, which hampers photosynthesis and weakens plant health. Additionally, pests like corn borers can damage the plant’s reproductive structures, disrupting pollination and causing grain loss. To prevent these issues, farmers should implement several agricultural practices. Choosing high-quality, disease- and pest-resistant varieties suitable for local conditions is essential. Improving soil structure through organic matter addition, deep plowing, and proper cultivation techniques can enhance moisture and nutrient retention. Applying balanced fertilizers, especially phosphorus and boron, and ensuring adequate irrigation during critical growth periods will support healthy kernel development. Proper plant spacing, regular weeding, and soil aeration help improve ventilation and light penetration, promoting better ear development. Manual pollination techniques can also be used in areas with poor natural pollination. In terms of pest control, timely application of fungicides like thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim can manage leaf spot diseases. For corn borer infestations, granular insecticides like carbofuran or liquid sprays such as omethoate and monocrotophos can be effective when applied at the right time. These measures collectively help reduce the risk of grain deficiency and improve overall yield and quality.

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