Recently, a lot of vegetable farmers in Shouguang City, Shandong Province, reported that the occurrence of cracked melons and heavy bitterness in greenhouses was serious. Shouguang City Vegetable Association’s Green Light Engineering Department experts summarized the relevant information and provided them with a large number of vegetable farmers. reference.
Cucumber cracking melon phenomenon is rare, but in recent years there has been a split melon. Split melons are the fruit's longitudinal cracking, most of which begin to crack from the tail end. When the soil is deficient in water for a long time, and then watered, or sprayed with pesticides and nutrient solutions on the foliage, the nearly rigid melon strips are prone to occur after they suddenly get water.
In recent years, the management of cucumber roots has been extensive, and it is intended to achieve the purpose of increasing production by spraying foliar diffuser. As a result, it has caused melon spawning. Therefore, management should be strengthened so that the root activity is still very important. The occurrence of bitter melon in cucumber production in greenhouses is due to the accumulation of excessive bittersin in melon meat. After investigation and analysis, the cause of excessive bittersin in melon meat was:
1 Under conditions of low temperature and olivine illumination, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is excessive, and the knotted melon not only has bitterness but also has astringent and astringent taste. Because of the low temperature and high nitrogen fertilizer in the greenhouse, cell permeability is low, resulting in the inhibition of root absorption. If the high temperature duration in the greenhouse is too long, the assimilation ability of the plants will be weakened and the loss will increase. The bittersin will be accumulated in the cucumber fruits. 3 Humidity is not suitable. The bittersin is produced under dry conditions, such as the humidity of the air in the greenhouse, and the low humidity of the soil, it will cause the plant to undergo "physiological drought." At this time, a large amount of bittersin will be transferred from the stems and leaves to the fruit, resulting in bitter melons.
Comprehensive prevention and control measures:
1. Breeding and selection of good varieties.
2, control the appropriate ambient temperature. The control greenhouse temperature is within the optimum temperature range for cucumber growth, such as daytime temperature 25-30°C, maximum not exceeding 35°C, night temperature 15-18°C, and low temperature not lower than 13°C. Therefore, during wintering and early spring production, attention should be paid to warming and heat preservation. In late summer and late autumn production, when the light is too strong and the temperature of the greenhouse is too high, measures such as covering the shade net or spraying the greenhouse cooling agent may be adopted.
3, scientific lighting.
1 Grasp reasonable colonization density so as to avoid reduced ventilation and light transmittance in the field.
2 Hanging light curtains in the shed.
3 Timely cover grass cover and other coverings, try to extend the light hours, the general weather to ensure that more than 8 hours of light, even if it is cloudy even have to maintain 4 hours. Lian Yin suddenly clear to prevent physiological wilting.
4 Pay attention to wipe the shed film to eliminate fog and water droplets in the shed to increase the lighting rate of the shed film and improve photosynthesis.
4, rational fertilization.
1 increase organic fertilizer, and adjust the balanced supply of various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In particular, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for entering the prosperous period of flowering and fruiting melons is 5:2:6, and attention is also paid to the supplementation of other trace elements. 2 foliar dressing. Seedling stage, initial flowering stage, young stage spraying Feng harvest No. 1, Yunda 120, rare earth micro-fertilizer, etc., can increase plant disease resistance.
5, to maintain a good soil moisture. According to the growth status and ecological characteristics of plants, timely supply the water needed for their fertility, watering should be done a small number of times, water temperature can not be too low, try to use constant temperature water or micro-spraying membrane technology, to avoid the soil too dry or too wet.
6, timely ventilation. Reasonable ventilation, regulate greenhouse temperature and humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. In the cold winter, the wind is generally not amplified, but when the temperature in the shed exceeds 30°C, ventilation may be appropriately increased.
7, prevention and control of pests and diseases to avoid injury. After the seedlings had emerged from the cotyledonary lobes, they were sprayed 800 times with chlorothalonil or 800 times with Preco. After the planting and replanting, timely control of diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose can be prevented, and 600 to 800 times solution of Nong No. 1 and 600 times solution of Xiangnong No. 3 can be used for drug prevention. Prevent rooting and prevent the bitterness of cucumber from aggravating during the agricultural operations such as planting and rowing.
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