(I) Determination of cultivation season The best season for high-grade watermelon is generally around the Spring Festival. The sowing time is generally appropriate in the middle of September. (B) the choice of protection facilities Watermelon is a thermophilic heat-resistant crop, in the entire growth and development process, requires a higher temperature, so the winter cultivation of watermelon, we must choose good insulation, building a high standard of winter warm type multi-function Greenhouse. (C) species selection 1. Choose a beautiful appearance, such as green skin or dark green skin melon; 2. Select small and medium-sized fruit, the general head in the 1-2kg more popular; 3. Select thin, crispy sugar content High-quality, melons with good taste; 4. Choose low-temperature resistant, easy-to-eat melons, strong disease resistance, and it is not easy to crack melons and grow robust varieties. (D) Soil fertigation in the soil fertigation shed is completed at least 15 days before the watermelon planting. Generally, 10 mu of ring fertilizer is fully cooked, 100 kg of nitro compound fertilizer, 2 kg of boron, magnesium and zinc fertilizer, and 70% of the enemy. Ke Song original powder 2kg. It was evenly thrown into the shed, deep-ripping and leveling, and then high-temperature stuffy shed for 10 days to play the role of sterilization, insecticide, composting fertilizer and raising the temperature of the ground. (V) Watermelon Grafting and Cultivation 1. Prepare nutrient soil. The nutritious soil can use 3 fertile mature soils, 1 part of decomposed circumfertilizer, and then add 1.5 kg of superphosphate per cubic meter of nutrient soil, l0kg of plant ash, plus 2.5% of trichlorfon powder 50g, and 50% of carbendazim powder 100g. Insecticide and disinfection were carried out. The nutrient soil was placed in a nutrient bowl of diameter l0cm and height 100m and placed in a seedbed. 2. Select the rootstock. Grafted watermelon should be selected as the rootstock with good affinity of watermelon and strong disease resistance without affecting the quality of watermelon such as black-skinned squash or zucchini. 3. Soaking. Use hot water 3 times more than rootstock pumpkin seeds, and stir the seeds for 3-5 seconds. Immediately add the same amount of cold water to reduce the water temperature below 30°C. After soaking for 30 hours, wrap seeds with a damp cloth. Put in 28 °C -30 °C place to germination, when the seeds exposed white, 1 per pot, cover soil 1.5cm, when the Qimiao, then soak the watermelon seeds; the watermelon seeds into 55 °C warm water, stirring for 15 minutes After cooling, soaking for 5-6 hours, germination at 28°C-30°C, and sowing seeds after dew. Species distance 1cm, cover soil 1.5cm. 4. Method of grafting watermelon. There are plugging method, connection method, splicing method, etc. The plugging method is the most convenient, and the suitable grafting period is: the first true leaf of the rootstock seedling appears to have just been developed. Watermelon seedlings can be grafted before cotyledons are first displayed until Ye Gangping shows up. 5. Management of grafted seedlings. It is controlled at about 25°C during the day, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 30°C, and it is about 20°C at night. During the period of enclosure, the relative humidity in the seedbed shall be maintained at 100%, and small winds may be passed after 3 days. After 7 days, the amount of ventilation shall be increased to reduce the humidity. Grafting seedlings should be promptly shaded if they are wilting. After the seedlings survive, check and remove sprouts on the rootstock at any time to prevent affecting the growth of the scion. Pay attention to prevent the occurrence of pests during the seedling stage. Use streptomycin and aphid to spray the seedbed to prevent pests. When the seedling grows to 2 leaves 1 The heart can be transplanted and planted. (VI) Planting Small greenhouse watermelons in winter-winter greenhouses. Use a 50cm row height of 30cm from south to north. The plant spacing should be determined according to the variety, geology, and size of vines. Each vine can be kept at 40cm. Planting distance. Leave 3 vines per plant, plant by 60cm planting distance, transfer seedlings and pour 1 seedling water afterwards. The amount of water should be large enough, cover the mulch after watering for 3-4 days, cut the hole 5cm from east to west, take out the seedlings, Press the mulch around. (seven) pumping ranch management from the group tree to stay fruit in the female flowers open to pumping vines, the management of this period are mainly: 1. Pruning hanging vines. Pull the wire 2m above the level of the Suangua Ridge, picking up a sling every 20cm. Each piece of melon vines occupies a sling and wraps melons around the sling. Each watermelon according to the size of the plant leaves 2-3 vines, the excess pods and fruit below the node in time to eliminate the flower, to prevent nutrient consumption and the occurrence of gray mold. 2. Temperature and humidity management. During the day, the air is released at 30°C and controlled at 25°C to 28°C. The minimum temperature before dawn is generally 10°C-13°C. Humidity should be kept as low as possible, preferably between 50% and 60%. 3. Prevent pests and diseases. In general, once every 10 days, one dose of streptomycin and streptozotocin are used to prevent diseases such as anthrax, blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew, aphid, and spotted leech. (8) Management of flowering and fruit setting period Generally, the temperature during pollination of watermelon is maintained at 20°C-25°C during daytime. It should not be too high, and the nighttime temperature should be slightly higher than usual. Generally, the minimum temperature before daylight is above 15°C. Watering should be controlled at this stage, and plants should not be watered without wilting. The watermelon is a cross-pollination crop, and there is no pollinating insect in the greenhouse. Therefore, within two hours of female flower opening, that is about 10 o'clock in the morning pollination, a male flower can grant 2-3 female flowers, leaving a melon in each vine. After the results, we must reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and spray Doxorubicin or Shijiale pesticides to prevent the occurrence of gray mold. (9) Management of watermelon expansion period 1. Temperature management. After the results, the watermelon began to expand. In the morning, the temperature reached 32°C, and the air was released. The air was kept at 28°C-30°C, and it was maintained at about 25°C in the afternoon. The winter night temperature was an important factor for high yield and high efficiency. During this period, it should be kept at 20qC in the middle of the night. Keep 16 °C in the middle of the night. 2. Water and fertilizer management. Watermelon into the fruit expansion period is the peak of water and fertilizer, then timely watering, watering should be combined with fertilization, N, P, K reasonable with fast-acting fertilizer-based, generally followed by potassium nitrate compound fertilizer 15kg, N, P, K compound fertilizer 10kg;, first with the cylinder dissolved with water after pouring. 3. Pest control. During this period, the humidity in the greenhouse should be reduced to below 80% to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as Botrytis cinerea, anthrax, blight, and bacterial leaf spot disease. Generally, the drug is sprayed once every 7-10 days, and Shijiale can be used as a chain. Antibiotics and other mixed liquid spray prevention. (10) Management of watermelon after ripening The accumulated temperature from the opening of female flowers to fruit ripening is 800°C to 1000°C. In winter, watermelons generally mature in about 50 days. When the first melon is harvested, the second melon can be left when After the second melon matures, due to the aging of the melons and the higher node size of the melons, the melon vines can be cut off, leaving two vines from the base of the melons and leaving the third melon in the same way as the third one. After the melons are picked, the fourth melon is left, and after the fourth melon is harvested, the whole melons can be pulled out and the next crop can be planted again. China Agricultural Network Editor
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