Individual turkeys selected for personal use as male turkeys should be selected to be robust, disease-free, tall in shape, strong in males, lively, with shiny feathers and thick, straight legs; female turkeys should be healthy and disease-free. The docile, straight-backed tail, wide-breasted body, feathers, and flesh are brightly coloured. Breeding of chickens for a period of time, purification and rejuvenation, the timely elimination of inferior seed, choose to keep good breeds. The maternal turkey has a useful life of 2 years while the male turkey can use 3 to 4 years. 2 Breeding and laying The female turkeys enter the first laying cycle from 34 weeks of age. The laying season starts from March to September each year, and every 10-15 eggs are hatched. Eggs produce 4-6 cycles per year, producing 14-20 eggs per cycle, with a maximum of 28 eggs. Turkeys are mostly natural mating and should be protected from close relatives. When mating turkeys in nature, males and females are often damaged because of their large differences in body weight. This results in low reproduction rates of female turkeys and reduced economic benefits. Therefore, artificial insemination can be used to solve this contradiction. At the same time, the ratio of breeding males can be increased from 1:4 to 1:30 for natural mating and the cost of feeding can be greatly reduced. 2.1 Semen turkeys are generally harvested using a massage method. After two weeks of training, the turkeys are bred so that they form sexual reflexes. Then they can collect sperm. When the sperm is collected, the assistant sits on the bench and catches both hands. One leg of the rooster, the sperm extractor massages rhythmically several times along the back of the wings of the turkey to the tail and to the lower side of the cloaca, and holds the left thumb and the other four fingers on both sides of the cloaca and tightens it tightly. Attach the tail feathers; at the same time, use the right thumb and other four fingers to support the rhythmic massage in abdomen positions on both sides of the cloaca, so that the male turkey is sexually excited, and when the degenerated transplanter is erected from the cloaca, the left thumb is used. Squeeze around the cloaca of the turkey with the index finger and squeeze out the semen (slightly yellowish-white thick liquid), and flow it into the pre-prepared storage container (usually used to clean the small glass test tube or the collection cup). Every time a male turkey holds 0.2-0.3 milliliters of semen, the sperm concentration is about 8 billion milliliters per milliliter, collected once every 3-4 days. After semen collection, whether it is diluted or not, it should be placed in warm water of 35-40°C. Save. When semen operation, the action avoid rough, to avoid fecal contamination, the semen can not be used for insemination, semen collected must be used within 30 minutes, so as not to reduce semen quality, affect fertilization rate. 2.2 Insemination In order to ensure a high fertility rate, insemination should be performed at the breeding mother and finished at 2 o'clock in the afternoon in a quiet, clean place to obtain the highest fertility rate. The insemination method uses an inseminator for direct insertion into the vagina. Before insemination, cut the feather around the cloaca with scissors and wipe it clean with saline. The insemination assistant assists the two-handed grasping of the female turkey's legs and the two wing tips. The insemination fluid needs to be diluted and the dilution factor is 2-3 times. Commonly used diluents were physiological saline or 5%-7% glucose or glutamate 2.8g, glucose 1.8g, and distilled water 100ml. The anaesthetic device uses a BCG syringe with a plastic hose to place the diluted semen in the syringe barrel. In insemination, the inseminator faces the rear of the turkey, the right hand turns its tail feathers to the left, the thumb presses the lower edge of the cloaca and gently presses down to open the cloaca, and the left hand naturally inserts the sperm with the sperm. Inside the vagina. Mother turkey insemination interval: fresh semen is usually about 14 days, dilution of semen 8 to 1O days, the amount of semen imported into each turkey is 0.025 milliliters, after the end of insemination, the mother turkey is returned to the cage and carefully fed. The natural mating of turkeys is to be allowed to be bred in time before the mother turkey lays eggs. During the laying of the eggs, the male turkeys should be kept separately so as not to cause excessive harassment of the female turkeys and affect the mother turkey laying eggs. At the same time, before the mating, the sharp claws of the male turkey must be trimmed and smoothed so as not to injure the mother turkey and affect the mother turkey's egg production and brooding. 3 kinds of eggs hatch 3.1 Naturally hatching Female turkeys have a strong brooding nature. A small amount of breeding turkey eggs can be hatched by female turkeys or local hens. The method is to use a bamboo basket to make nests for female turkeys. incubation. Put the grass in the basket, about 20-30 cm thick, and then put the eggs. Female turkeys generally hold 14-18 eggs. When the mother holds her eggs, she likes to live in dim, hidden and secluded places. During her nesting period, the male turkey must be kept in isolation to prevent harassment of hens. Two days per bun should allow it to leave the nest, eat and drink. Female turkeys should be fed less feed with more water content during the period of egg hunt, and can be fed with some grain feeds to appropriately increase feed dietary standards. Eggs and eggs were examined once on the 7th to 8th, 15th, and 25th days after hatching to remove lean and dead embryonic eggs. When the eggs are hatched for 26 days, small chicks have already formed in the shell, and some have begun to shell. Generally, they can hatch every 28 to 29 days. Mother turkeys are physically weak and should be fed alone for a few days in order to restore health as soon as possible. 3.2 Artificial hatching Artificial hatchery should be used when large-scale breeding of turkeys. For hatching of turkey eggs, hatching eggs are selected. The eggs are then placed in an incubator and closed with a formalin solution for fumigation for half an hour. According to the incubator, 20 ml of formalin per cubic meter of cell volume is used and 8 g of high manganese is added. Potassium acid can be. The temperature of the incubator when sterilized was 30°C and the relative humidity was 65%. After the disinfection was completed, the smoke was expelled immediately and then officially warmed up to hatch. The incubation temperature was 37°C from the first day to the 25th day, and the relative humidity was 56%. After the incubator reached the requirement, all the pores were opened. From the 1st to the 16th day of hatching, eggs are transferred manually every 2 hours. From the 17th day to the 25th day, eggs can be transferred automatically or artificially, once per hour, and hatched until the 8th, 20th and 25th days. The eggs were examined one at a time, and the development of the embryos was examined to remove anaesthetized and dead embryonic eggs. On the 25th day of incubation, the hatchery was transferred to a pre-sterilized hatcher. The hatcher temperature was 36.5°C from the 26th to the 28th day, and the relative humidity temperature was 77.6%. In order to increase the humidity of the hatching machine, a wet cloth may be hung in the machine. When hatching, spray 40-60°C warm water to the egg surface every 2 hours, which is conducive to the hatching of the turkey and enhance its vitality, and increase the hatching rate.
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