Tomatoes have a good adaptability to the environment of protected areas and are one of the major vegetable varieties cultivated in protected areas in recent years. However, due to planting in the same plot year after year and their cultivation measures are not appropriate, the tomatoes in winter greenhouses in many places appear The phenomenon of premature aging, resulting in increased deformity, decreased quality, reduced yield, thus affecting the income of vegetable farmers, the reasons for the premature aging of tomato and comprehensive prevention and control techniques are described below. Symptoms Symptoms of tomato premature aging: fine stalks, small growth points, less collaterals, small and thin leaves, yellowish color, sometimes nodules on leaves, fruit that does not inflate or swell slowly, and are prone to cracking. Empty fruit and stale fruit, poor fruit coloration, small fruit, reduced plant resistance. Second, the cause of premature aging 1, continuous obstacles: the protection of tomatoes due to limited facilities, high product efficiency, often planted year after year, which resulted in poor growth, even if the large-scale use of fertilizer, it will not be completely improved, the growing point of atrophy, new branches and leaves can not be normal Stretching, causing tomato premature aging. 2, unreasonable fertilization method: tomato, although the requirements of the soil conditions are not very strict, but one-sided increase in fertilizer, often resulting in soil compaction, reduced permeability of the soil, poor root growth and development, causing tomato premature aging. Or some vegetable farmers in order to achieve high yields as much as possible, one-time fertilizer applied too much, resulting in increased soil concentration, root growth is blocked, causing tomato premature aging. 3. Improper nursery measures: Some vegetable growers are accustomed to raising seedlings in advance. As a result, the former has not been harvested. The tomato seedlings have grown. After the estuary is vacated, old seedlings and leggy seedlings have already formed. After the planting, the roots are damaged and the adventitious roots are very difficult. Satisfying the absorption of water and inorganic salts by crops often leads to hollow stems and premature aging of the plants. 4, improper use of hormones: seedlings appear to be appetite, farmers often accustomed to spray paclobutrazol, chlormequat, and other prime hormones control seedlings leggy. If the medication is too late, a top-heavy plant is often formed; if the medication concentration is too large, it is easy to form an aging seedling. Both of the above conditions are likely to cause premature aging. III. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Measures 1. Crop rotation: The most effective way to prevent premature senility caused by continuous cropping is to implement non-solana fruit vegetables for more than 3 years of rotation, strive for changes in pods, vary from year to year, and maintain a stable soil structure. 2. Adding organic fertilizer and fungicide: Under the precondition of ensuring the required nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the growth of tomato, the amount of organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer, and trace elements such as copper, iron, and zinc should be increased. . Increase soil organic matter, improve soil permeability, and create a good growing environment for tomato roots. 3, nurturing strong seedlings: According to the time of the nursery arranging the nursery, the protected tomato seedlings in the spring are generally 60 to 70 days, the autumn cricket is generally 30 to 35 days, and the autumn and winter pods are 40 to 50 days. Arrange seedling time. Tomato 3 leaves when true leaves were divided, the spacing of 10 cm 10 cm. 4, reasonable control seedlings leggy: autumn delay 茬 improper management can easily lead to seedlings leggy, in order to prevent seedlings leggy, it is best to take physical methods such as increasing the area of ​​nursery beds, proper control of watering, increase the spacing of seedlings, etc. Measures. In addition to the correct concentration of hormones, the use of hormones should also pay attention to the use of time, generally the best effect of the four seedlings before the true leaves. 5, the magical use of sugar: After a few years of experiments prove that in the colonization of tomatoes, planting points add sugar, the amount of each hole is 10 to 15 grams, not only conducive to the emergence of adventitious roots of tomatoes, promote slow seedlings, prevent tomato premature aging, and improve The tomato quality enhances tomato resistance.
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