Autumn carrot cultivation techniques

(1) Selection and Site Preparation?

Carrots were planted, and the former crops were selected for early evacuation, the amount of fertilizers was large, and soil nutrient consumption was small, and the former crops were not the best plots for the same family of carrots. After the harvest of the previous crop, the garden should be cleared in time, and the soil should be deep-turned by turning the soil more than 20 centimeters in depth and vertically and horizontally. The surface soil should be finely screeded, and then the residue of the field should be cleared and the weeds should be cleared. In combination with deep plowing soil, base fertilizer should be applied. The specific method is to evenly spread the basal fertilizer on the ground, then turn the basal fertilizer into the soil and mix it thoroughly with the soil. The amount of the basal fertilizer per hectare (15 mu) is about 75,000 kg. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should also be applied in an appropriate amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be added to the basal fertilizer and deep-turned. Per hectare (15 mu) can be applied 150 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 450 kg of superphosphate, 150 kg of potassium sulfate or 1500 kg to 3,000 kg of vegetation ash. ?

Thin soil layers, low-lying and wet-spots should be cultivated on high ridges or small ridges, and areas with deep soils and high-lying and dry areas should be cultivated on flat ridges. For high ridge cultivation, generally the top of the ridge is 20 cm wide, the ridge height is 15 cm to 20 cm, the ridge bottom width is 25 cm to 30 cm, the ridge spacing is 50 cm to 60 cm, and 2 rows per ridge are planted; Generally, the width is from 1 meter to 2 meters, and the length can be determined according to the leveling conditions and watering conditions. ?

(2) sowing?

The appropriate sowing period in autumn is from mid-July to late-August to mid-August. The seeds should be removed after drying before sowing. A germination test was conducted and the seed amount was determined based on the germination rate. For uniform sowing, appropriate amount of grass ash or fine soil and seed can be mixed and then sown. ?

Seeding method: flat rake can be drilled or broadcast, ridge rake drill or on demand. ?

(3) field management?

Germination period: After sowing, it is necessary to prevent heavy rain from hitting the soil to affect buds. In general, a layer of wheat stalks can be placed on the surface of the cornice to provide shade and moisture protection. ?

From sowing to emergence, water is poured 2 to 3 times in a row, often keeping the soil moist. Soil moisture is maintained at 65% to 80%, which is conducive to seed germination. ?

Seedling watering. It should be properly controlled to keep the soil wet and dry. ?

The leaves are watered during the growing period. Watering should be properly controlled and earthworms should be planted in the middle cultivator. ?

Top-dressing and cultivating soil: From top to bottom, the topdressing fertilizer is applied 2 to 3 times, and it is applied before the ridge sealing. ?

3? Spring carrot cultivation techniques?

The most suitable condition for the growth of carrots is the cool autumn climate. However, in order to solve the problem of supply of fresh carrots from June to July and meet the market demand, carrots can also be cultivated in the off-season, that is, spring and summer harvests. Although there are certain technical problems in spring cultivation, the economic benefits are higher. The following is a brief introduction to carrot cultivation techniques in spring. ?

(1) Choose appropriate plots and fertilize?

1 Selection area: The spring crops have a short carrot growth period and require high soil and fertility. The sandy loam or loam soil should be selected such that the leewards are sunny, the terrain is high and dry, the soil is deep, fertile, rich in organic matter, well-drained, and the soil porosity is high. This kind of soil warms up quickly in the early spring and is conducive to the growth of seedlings. ?

2 Soil Preparation and Fertilization: After harvesting the former crop, clean the field weed stalks, deepen the soil to about 25 cm, and dry. The carrots are cultivated in the spring and are generally cultivated in flat pods. The pods are 1.5 to 1.7 meters wide and 7 to 8 meters long. Before sowing, each hectare (15 mu) applies 60,000 to 75,000 kilograms of quality decomposing circle fertilizer, 150 to 225 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 1500 to 2250 kilograms of plant ash, or 150 to 225 kilograms of potassium sulfate. After fertilization, use a four-tooth rake to pry the hoe again, so that the soil and the fertilizer are mixed evenly, and then the rake is flattened. ?

3 clip wind barrier: low temperature in spring, often windy weather, wind barriers to help reduce the wind speed, cold temperature. Therefore, it is one of the important measures to guarantee the high yield of carrots in spring for the conditional wind barrier. The time for the wind barrier is usually after the winter or early spring soil thawing, choose sunny and windless weather. In the whole land, dig trenches 30 cm deep and 15 cm to 20 cm wide along the east-west direction and use reeds, corn stalks, or stalks to stand evenly in the trenches, and then in the trenches. The soil is filled with soil and the soil on the north side of the wind barrier is 30 cm high. The wind barrier should be slightly southward, forming an angle of about 70 degrees with the ground. About 1 meter away from the ground, tied a crossbar between east and west on both sides of the wind barrier. If bamboo blinds are used to clamp the wind barrier, straw curtains or other coverings should be placed on the north side of the wind barrier. Wind barrier height is about 2 meters, and the distance between two wind barriers is 5 meters to 7 meters. ?

(2) Selection of good varieties Currently, there are many types of carrots on the market. The main varieties suitable for spring planting include new red carrots, five new Japanese inks in the new Kuroda, four inches in the Hongfu, and five inches in the summer. ?

(3) sowing?

Seed treatment before sowing: low temperature in spring and slow seed germination. In order to speed up the emergence of seedlings, it is best to conduct seed treatment before sowing. The method is the same as autumn sowing. ?

2 sowing method: Spring sowing carrots in the Beijing-Tianjin region from about late March to early April. The sowing period should not be too early or too late, and it is prone to premature picking. If the temperature is too late in the late growth stage, the quality and quality of fleshy roots will be affected. Sowing or drilling may be used, but drilling is preferred because the spring is low in spring. If sowing is used, flooding is required during sowing, resulting in a large reduction in ground temperature. Flood irrigation compared to the ground temperature decreased by a small margin. Therefore, it is best to use carrots in the spring to cultivate carrots. Spreading or drilling method is the same as autumn sowing. ?

3 Adding coverings after sowing: The spring is windy and the temperature is low. In order to keep moist and keep warm, the seedlings are accelerated. After sowing, the covering can be added immediately. There are four ways to cover. ?

A? After sowing the soil, cover the surface with a layer of 4 cm thick wheat straw, and remove the wheat straw after the majority of the seed arches. ?

B. After sowing the soil, cover a layer of mulch on the surface of the pods and remove the mulch after most of the seeds are unearthed. ?

C? Put a corn stalk support every 50 cm in the sorghum surface, covering the corn stalk with a mulch, gradually hardening the seedlings after emergence, and removing the mulch after 5 to 7 days. ?

D? using wheat straw, plastic film double coverage. Cover the wheat straw first, then remove the wheat straw after the seed arching soil, then put the corn stalk cover film, remove the seedlings and then remove the plastic film. ?

The above four methods have the best effect with the wheat straw and plastic film double coverage method, but when the cost is more time-consuming, the other three methods also have a certain degree of heat preservation and moisturizing effect. The growers can select the best according to their own conditions. ?

(4) Field Management Carrots may emerge after about 10 days after sowing. After the seedlings are drawn together, they shall be selected on a sunny and windless day. It is best to remove the wheat straw or plastic film from the cover in the morning. In the cold, windy days, the cover material is easy to “flash”. Due to the short duration of mulching film, it is rarely broken, so it can be stored and used again. ?

When the seedlings grow two true leaves, choose the first time at noon on a clear, windless day. The seedlings are 2 cm to 3 cm in size. When the seedlings are 3 to 4 true leaves, the second time the seedlings can be set, and the seedlings can be seedlings. It is about 10 centimeters away. After the seedlings are established, they begin to cultivate once, and combine with cultivators to loosen, weed, and cultivate soil. ?

Spring carrots are in the germination and seedling seasons in the early spring season. The temperature and the ground temperature are relatively low. Unless it is particularly dry, it is generally not suitable for watering. Until the initial stage of carrot root swelling, the water begins to rise when the temperature gradually rises. In the late stage of growth, the roots of carrots need to have the most amount of fertilizer, and they should be supplied with enough water and fertilizer in time to keep the soil moist. Without enough water, the root of the flesh is thin and rough. Irregular water supply can easily cause cracking of fleshy roots. Generally, the fertilizer is applied 2 to 3 times at a later stage. For each hectare (15 mu), potassium dihydrogen phosphate 37.5 kg to 45 kg water plus 1500 kg to 1875 kg are used for extra-root fertilizer application. If overgrowth of the ground was found, 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder was sprayed 1500 times to promote fleshy root enlargement. Spring carrots have less pests and diseases, but are susceptible to locust infestation in the late growth stage. They can be sprayed with 40% omethoate 1000-1500 times or 2.5% deltamethrin (dichlormia) EC 2500 times. ?

(5) Harvesting spring sowing carrots During the period from mid-June to early July, when the fleshy roots have fully inflated, they are harvested in stages according to need. Water should be poured a few days before harvest, and when the soil is not sticky, it can be harvested. When the temperature rises to 30°C, it not only inhibits the enlargement of the fleshy roots, but also affects the quality of the carrots. Therefore, it should be harvested in time. After harvesting, they are stored conditionally in a cold store at 0°C to 3°C and can be readily available throughout the summer.

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