The first trial of paddy fields with no-tillage live rapeseed, if the technology is not well grasped, it is difficult to achieve high yields. The main reasons that affect the high yield of rapeseed rape are: first, the delay in sowing after rice harvest; second, the arrival of autumn drought to seed antibiotics or incomplete emergence; third, improper application of fertilizers, thin and thin rape seedlings; and fourth, chemical weeding is not in place and weeds grow. At present, people are very familiar with rape seedling transplanting techniques, so it is difficult to accept this new technology. In fact, rapeseed can be harvested with high yield by simply controlling the two key issues of weeding and fertilization. Specific to grasp the following five links.
1. Prepare 1 field before sowing. Rape is a straight root crop, and root development is closely related to soil moisture. High soil moisture, high groundwater level, easy to cause hypoxia, affect the physiological metabolism of rape plants, the main root elongation is slow, or even stop growing. Due to the long time of flooding in paddy fields, the soil permeability of the rice paddy is poor. Therefore, when paddy fields are no-tillage, the paddy fields with high groundwater and low groundwater level must be selected. 2 drying field. Paddy fields are vulnerable to waterlogging. Therefore, moderate paddy field should be applied to the former paddy rice fields. The time should be about 10 days before rice harvesting and drainage when the rice is hooked and scattered. 3 Control the height of rice piles. During the harvest of a late-season rice, the rice pile should be dwarfed and the height of the rice pile should be controlled below 10 cm. 4 open trenches. Immediately after harvesting, the rice is split into two compartments, and the width is 2.0 to 2.5 meters wide. The "three channels" are widened, the width of the channel is 30 cm, the depth of the channel is 25 cm, the depth of the ditch is 30 cm, and the width of the ditch is 35 About centimeters, then flatten the car. For places where labor is limited, plows can be used to plow the trenches and clean up the mud in the trenches to keep the "three channels" open.
2. Chemical weeding is generally performed twice by chemical weeding. The first time the rice was harvested and immediately after harvest, every 667m2 of acetochlor 80ml to 100ml of water to 15kg to 20kg was evenly sprayed on the surface of the soil; the second time was rape and four or five leaves when every 667 square meters Rice with 50 grams of centipede or 12.5% ​​of the herb to 50 ml of water spraying 30 kilograms, control effect is good.
3. Sowing 1 seeding period. Rape seedlings can be safely planted before the beginning of October. In our province, rice harvesting period is generally before the end of September, and sowing date of rapeseed is not in contradiction with the growth period of rice. However, after rice is harvested, the wet sowing of indica rice field is conducive to the germination and rapid emergence of rapeseed. At the same time, the earlier the sowing date, the higher the yield. Therefore, weeds should be chemically weeded immediately after harvest and then sown on the second day. 2 species selection. Live rapeseeds can not remove very weak seedlings, and should choose varieties with high purity and a large number of main inflorescences such as Xiangzazao 4, Xiangzawu 5, Xiangzayou 6 and Huaza 6 and so on. 3 sowing methods. Drilling, hole-casting and broadcasting can be adopted. After the second day or the third day of chemical weeding, open the channels to spread the ditch or hole, then use 20 kg of dry fine soil per 667 m2 and add 1 kg of borax. Mix well and distribute it in the seeding ditch or hole after balancing. The spreading method is simple, and the mixed dry fine soil, borax and seeds are directly sprinkled on the surface. From the trials and demonstrations in Shimen and Anxiang in the past two years, drilling and sowing methods are better, with rape growing faster and yield higher. Immediately after harvest, rice was sown to facilitate the emergence of rapeseed. 4 sowing amount. No-tillage direct seed oil planting capacity of 667 square meters per 667 square meters of 200 grams to 250 grams is appropriate, the density of 20,000 square meters planted 20,000. However, with the postponement of the sowing date, if it is late to mid-October, the sowing amount per 667 square meters can be increased to 300 grams, and the density should reach 25,000 or more per 667 square meters.
4. Fertilizer seedlings, shoots, and wax fertilizers were applied three times, and organic fertilizers, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were the main ones, and boron fertilizers were also applied. Fertilizer in general every 667 square meters with soil miscellaneous fertilizer 500 kilograms (no soil can be used fine soil can be replaced) and phosphate fertilizer 10 kilograms spread in the seeding ditch or sowing hole cover species. Miaofei 3 leaf stage application, special compound fertilizer 50 kg per 667 square meters, urea 5 kg to 8 kg applicator. Before the wax fertilizer is applied in winter, 5 kg of urea per 667 square meters is applied in sunny evening leaves without dew. Spreading sowing method of seed fertilizer every 667 square meters with 50 kg of compound fertilizer directly spread fertilizer on the surface, Miao Fei just apply urea. In late February, every 667 square meters of borax or boric acid 50 grams to 100 grams of 50 kilograms of water on the fine selection of foliar spray, such as with borax, first dissolved in warm water at 40 °C and diluted with water.
5. Field Management 1 Check the seedlings for deficiency. Rape seedlings during the 3-leaf period, seedlings at the 5-leaf stage. 2 irrigation drought. Before and after sowing, in case of autumn and dry weather, horse water shall be timely inundated to resist drought, prevent disease and promote complete seedlings. 3 spring ditch. After the spring of rain, water should be drained in a timely manner to ensure that the "three ditch" is unimpeded and the rain is kept dry. 4 control of pests. The sowing date of general live rapeseed was later than that of transplanting rape, and insect pests were not serious. The control of sclerotinia at flowering stage was basically the same as transplanting rapeseed.
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