Choosing and using good starters, waste can also become fertilizer

Choosing and using good starters, the waste can also be turned into fertilizer. Abstract: With the continuous promotion of microbial starters in the melon and fruit vegetable substrate nursery, nutrient soil production, greenhouse warming and disinfection, fermented organic fertilizer, leaf litter processing, etc. Application, the market began to appear uneven and even fake and shoddy products, how to correctly understand, identify and use microbial fermentation products, to avoid unnecessary economic losses is the concern of the majority of users. This article took a good example of a fertilizer ferment that was sold on the market as an example to elaborate on how to identify and correctly use a fertilizer starter.

First, fertilizer fermentation agent selection criteria
1. Origin and composition of strains Different sources of starter for different purposes have different compositional components and functions. Some are single-function bacteria, such as only yeast or actinomycetes, and some are complex functional bacteria, and their comprehensive functions are strong. Some are simple self-producing and self-cultivating bacteria. Without professional purification and rejuvenation, the body itself is "not strong", some are even weak, and the effect is not stable. As a result, the function is greatly reduced or basically nullified. At present, there is no industry standard for the starter, still referring to the national standards for microbial fertilizers, and its effective function of the number of live bacteria is less than 50 million per gram of substandard products. The way to distinguish is to look carefully at the specification, and secondly to consult the manufacturer or technical personnel for relevant details. Third is to try it in small batches first. Microbial Fermentation Aid is a natural compound fermentation bacterium firstly created in China. It is a group composed of bacteria, filamentous bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, and Other natural and beneficial active functional microorganisms. It is a combination of US, Japan, and South Korea international microbiological engineering technology. The essence of the technological process, combined with its own intellectual property rights, has been developed through strict professional screening and multiple purification and rejuvenation. It can ensure a strong good (consumption) oxygen fermentation decomposition and degradation function, in line with national environmental protection and green food production. Materials required for the substrate, organic fertilizer (or roughage) special microbial fermentation agents.
2. Fermentation Types Fermentation types There are two main types of fermentation, namely, good (consumption) and anaerobic fermentation. In general, when producing fertilizers or substrates, the aerobic fermentation has much higher fermentation strength and thoroughness than that of anaerobic fermentation. Oxygen fermentation. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out under certain confined conditions, such as the production of biogas, or due to high levels of hypoxia, some facultative microorganisms are forced to anaerobic fermentation (except for special obligate anaerobic microorganisms). The requirements for aerobic fermentation conditions are relatively loose, and the fermentation is thorough. For example, the fermentation agent belongs to aerobic fermentation, which can be placed in the open air or indoors during the fermentation process. The fermentation is powerful and the appearance of the product is excellent.
3. The amount of bacteria added and the fermentation rate The larger the amount of the starter and the longer the time, the more the schedule cannot be used. Some of the starters have low levels of viable cells due to effective function, and the amount of added bacteria is 3 to 1000 parts per million. Five (3-5 ‰), that is, one ton of finished fermentation requires 3-5 kg ​​of starter, while some of the amount of fermentation auxiliaries need only 1 ton, the cost difference is not a dollar, but doubled, worse than tens of even Hundreds! Some fermentation time is 7-10 days, and some are a month or longer. The longer it takes, the higher the cost is, and the more salt and alkali is consumed, so the more unfavorable it is. Microbial starter for general materials, such as chicken manure, etc., add only one thousandth of the dry material, fermentation only 4-7 days, much faster than most products.
4, Fermented Fertilizer After the completion of fermentation, the number of miscellaneous bacteria is as low as possible. If there are many bacteria, it is equivalent to raising a group of chickens that can only eat rice and will not lay eggs. This wastes nutrients and increases cost. Some conditions are not very good. Fermentation strains produced by non-professional manufacturers or user-sustained fermentation strains may even appear to be “anti-guest-based”, that is, the number of miscellaneous bacteria is much more than that of functional bacteria. Since the biological starter is substantially free of bacteria after fermentation, the application of the organic fertilizer or substrate fermented by the biological starter significantly reduces the occurrence of pests and weeds compared with similar products.
5, whether the operation is simple or not, including some foreign products, not only expensive, its fatal flaw is the operation is very troublesome, one will add sugar, one will add vinegar, one will be training, one will activate, toss a After all, users are taken for granted as researchers, and they are inattentive and vulnerable to failure. This type of product can only be regarded as a semi-finished product. The possibility of failure due to cumbersome operations is very high, making these products only worthy of scientific research. Basic does not have the actual promotion value. It is not possible to strip out some of the processes that were dissolved in the qualified product, allowing the user to operate, which increases the workload and increases the possibility of failure or unsuccessfulness. This product is unqualified or incomplete. The product. The more high-tech things are, the more they should be simple and convenient to operate. It is best to use “fool-type” operations. It is simple to be beautiful and easy to recruit. Such as fermentation aids, just mix materials, adjust the moisture, turn over a few times, very simple. Its operation can be used to consult related websites or consult.
Second, the use of fertilizer starter Fermentation can be used as fertilizer material can be said to be everywhere, such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep and other animal manure, bark, leaves, bamboo shoots, sawdust, straw, mushroom residue, fish Leftovers, household waste, etc. The following describes the fermentation process using the most used chicken manure as an example.
1. Mix raw materials Mix chicken manure with straw and sawdust in appropriate proportions. 1 ton of material (about 2.5 tons of fresh material) plus 1 kg of starter, diluted by 1 kg of starter and 5 kg of rice bran (or bran, corn flour, etc.) diluted and then evenly thrown into the material heap, mixed and fermented . Note that it is better to use rice bran instead of "reunification". Fresh rice bran has better nutrition and ventilation than old rice bran.
2, adjust the moisture content of the fermented material should be controlled at 60 ~ 65%. Moisture judgment: grasp a handful of material, see the water does not drip, landing is suitable for casual. Slow water fermentation, poor water ventilation, but also lead to "corrupt bacteria" work and produce odor;
3, control temperature start temperature should be better than 15 °C, fermentation temperature control below 70 °C is appropriate, the temperature is too high on nutrients;
4, mix and ventilate the fermentation of bacterial agents is good (consumption) of oxygen microbes, it should increase the oxygen supply measures, so that mix well, turn over, ventilation is appropriate, otherwise it will lead to anaerobic fermentation and produce odor, affect effect.
5, complete the fermentation The entire fermentation process completed 5-7 days. The finished organic fertilizer is fluffy, dark brown, slightly scented or earthy, nutrient-rich. It is used in fruits and vegetables, cash crops, nursery stocks and nutritious soil, and its value is increased several times. It has been fully fermented and cooked, so it must be made light. Layer fertilization to avoid deep application.

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