In recent years, some farmers have lacked a clear understanding of the growth patterns of Chaotian peppers, leading to improper use of pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation practices. As a result, severe diseases, pests, and weeds have become common in certain areas. This has led to lower yields, poor quality, and reduced economic returns, which in turn has affected farmers' enthusiasm for growing Chaotian peppers. Having worked in the promotion of Chaotian pepper technology for over a decade, I have accumulated valuable experience through hands-on practice. In this article, I will share these insights step by step, hoping they will be useful for other farmers and agricultural practitioners.
The main diseases affecting Chaotian pepper seedlings include damping-off, root rot, anthracnose, and wilt. Common pests during this stage are the golden leafworm, cockroach, aphid, and others. Weeds such as crabgrass, foxtail, and barnyard grass also pose a significant threat. Implementing effective prevention and control measures at the nursery stage is essential to ensure high yield and quality of the final crop.
Based on my years of farming experience, for every 1 mu (approximately 667 square meters) of Chaotian pepper planting, a seedling pool should be constructed. The dimensions should be about 14 meters long, 1.4 meters wide, and 0.2 meters deep. These pools should be located in fields that have not grown solanaceous crops for more than four years, with good soil quality, ample sunlight, and no standing water.
For each 1 mu of land, 150–200 grams of seeds should be used. The seeds must be harvested in the same year, with good color, no insect damage, and no mold. Before sowing, the seeds should be exposed to sunlight for three days to improve germination rates. Seed treatment is crucial. One method involves soaking the seeds in a 1000-fold solution of carbendazim for half an hour, then rinsing them twice with clean water. Another method is mixing 1 gram of "Mengyao" pine with the seeds, ensuring even distribution before sowing—this mixture should not sit for more than two hours.
In each seedling pool, 3 kg of compound fertilizer, 5 kg of Nanyang mineral fertilizer, and 1 kg of specialized seedling fertilizer or 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer should be mixed into the soil. After watering, 150 ml of phoxim should be added. Once the water level drops, the bottom of the pool should be leveled. The seeds are then evenly spread and covered with 1 cm of finely ground soil. After covering, apply one bag of "Dajie" broth or a dedicated chili seedling solution per pool, mixed with 70 ml of Japan EM stock solution or 70 ml of carbendazim, and 5 kg of water. Spray the mixture evenly across the pool, cover with mulch, and place a plastic sheet over it.
Once the seedlings emerge and the mulch is removed, small ventilation holes can be made on warm days, and after three days, the holes can be gradually enlarged to harden off the seedlings. This helps improve their adaptability, reduces the occurrence of weak or leggy seedlings, and ensures strong, healthy plants for transplanting. Remove the plastic sheet when the weather is suitable and water thoroughly. After 5 p.m., spray each seedling pool with 30 ml of Japan EM stock solution, 20 grams of brown sugar, and 10 kg of water. If it rains, repeat the spraying after 10 days.
At this stage, the young seedlings are very delicate, so avoid using any other chemical fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, nutrients, or hormones. Doing so may burn the seedlings or prevent them from growing properly. Following these seed treatment, nursery construction, and post-emergence management techniques will help produce strong, healthy seedlings that grow quickly after transplanting and establish themselves well in the field.
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