Corn is the most commonly used feed in pig farming. However, due to its relatively simple nutritional profile, it lacks many essential nutrients. To maximize the benefits of corn when feeding pigs, several important practices should be followed.
First, avoid feeding pigs with corn alone. When fed exclusively, it takes over 6 kilograms of corn to produce just 1 kilogram of weight gain. In contrast, using a balanced compound feed requires only 2.5 to 3 kilograms of corn for the same result. This not only improves efficiency but also ensures a more complete diet.
Second, consider saccharification before feeding. By converting some of the starch in corn into sugar, this process makes the feed more palatable and easier for pigs to digest. The method involves mixing corn flour with twice its volume of hot water, stirring into a paste, then spreading a 5 cm layer of dry powder on top. After 3 to 4 hours, the mixture will be ready for use.
Third, supplement with protein sources. Corn has low protein content and poor quality, so it's essential to add high-quality protein. You can mix in 15% soybean or rapeseed meal, and for piglets, adding 5% fish meal can greatly improve their growth.
Fourth, include mineral supplements. Corn is deficient in minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements. Adding bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and trace minerals such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese can help meet the pigs' nutritional needs.
Fifth, provide vitamins. Since corn contains low levels of vitamins, incorporating green feed is ideal. If green feed isn't available, you can add a vitamin premix to the diet to ensure pigs receive all necessary nutrients.
Sixth, avoid long-term storage of crushed corn. Due to its high fat content, crushed corn tends to spoil quickly. It’s best to use it within 10 to 15 days, especially in summer, to maintain quality and prevent rancidity.
Lastly, soak the corn before feeding. Soaking helps the corn absorb water, making it softer and easier for pigs to chew and digest. To do this, mix corn flour with 1 to 1.5 times its weight in water and let it soak for 2 hours before feeding.
By following these steps, farmers can make the most of corn as a feed ingredient while ensuring optimal health and growth in their pigs.
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