Colored Chinese cabbage is a versatile vegetable with distinct characteristics. Its outer leaves are typically green, while the inner leaves display vibrant colors depending on the variety. This crop comes in early-maturing and mid-late-maturing types, with a growth period ranging from 50 to 80 days. The plant grows upright, with tightly packed leaves that form a firm head. After cutting, the color becomes more vivid and striking. It has high net yield, excellent taste, and strong resistance to viral diseases, downy mildew, and soft rot.
The plant requires a lot of water throughout its growth cycle, especially during the rosette and heading stages. When provided with sufficient nutrients and moisture, it can produce over 6,500–7,000 kg per mu (667 square meters). For optimal growth, it prefers fertile, well-drained sandy loam or loam soil with a depth of over 50 cm and a pH between 7 and 7.5. It thrives in a cool, mild climate, with ideal temperatures ranging from 10°C to 22°C. It is sensitive to high temperatures, as growth slows significantly when it reaches 32°C. It can tolerate light frosts during seedling and heading stages but does not perform well in extreme heat.
Light requirements are moderate, and it can grow well under low-light conditions, making it suitable for close planting. However, insufficient light may reduce yields. Long daylight hours promote vegetative growth, while shorter days help in head formation.
In terms of fertilization, potassium is the most needed nutrient, followed by nitrogen and calcium, while phosphorus and magnesium are required in smaller amounts. A balanced approach combining organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended, with top-dressing applied at different growth stages.
For cultivation, spring planting should begin when the minimum temperature is above 5°C, while autumn planting varies by region: August in North China, late August in the Yangtze River Valley, and August to November in South China. In alpine areas, planting starts earlier, from June to July. The best time for sowing is just before a cold snap of -2°C or more. Sowing too early risks viral infections, while sowing too late may result in lower yields.
Soil preparation involves adding 4,000–5,000 kg of decomposed organic manure and 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. The field is deeply tilled to 30 cm, then leveled into raised beds about 15–20 cm high and 1.3 m wide, with two rows per bed.
Due to the high cost of colored cabbage seeds—whether imported or domestic—it is common to use seedlings. This method saves costs and ensures uniform growth. Seedlings with 5–6 true leaves are transplanted in the afternoon shade, minimizing root damage. They are planted 50–60 cm apart and watered immediately after transplanting. A second application of urea (20 kg per mu) is given after the seedlings recover. Watering is done every 5–6 days, alternating between dry and moist conditions. During the rosette stage, more water is provided to encourage root development. Once the head begins to form, additional fertilizer and water are applied, using 25 kg of potassium sulfate and 20 kg of urea per mu, either through furrows or injection points. Watering is stopped 10 days before harvest.
Throughout the growing season, pests like aphids and cabbage worms must be monitored and controlled promptly. Proper management ensures healthy growth, maximizes yield, and achieves the best economic returns.
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