Colored Chinese cabbage is a unique vegetable variety with distinct characteristics. Its outer leaves are predominantly green, while the inner leaves display vibrant and varied colors depending on the specific type. The plant has an upright growth habit, with tightly packed leaves that form a compact head. This variety comes in early-maturing and mid-late-maturing types, with a growth cycle ranging from 50 to 80 days. It exhibits strong resistance to common diseases such as viral infections, downy mildew, and soft rot. When properly cultivated, it can produce yields of over 6,500 to 7,000 kg per mu (approximately 667 square meters), especially when sufficient water and nutrients are provided.
For optimal growth, colored Chinese cabbage requires well-drained, fertile soil with a depth of more than 50 cm and a pH between 7 and 7.5. It thrives in cool, mild climates, with ideal temperatures ranging from 10°C to 22°C. It is sensitive to high temperatures, and at 32°C, its growth becomes significantly weakened. Light requirements are not strict, but adequate sunlight during the vegetative stage promotes healthy leaf development, while shorter days help in head formation. The plant needs consistent moisture, especially during the rosette and heading stages, and requires careful watering to avoid waterlogging or root damage.
Nutrient-wise, it has the highest demand for potassium, followed by nitrogen and calcium, with lower uptake of phosphorus and magnesium. A balanced fertilization strategy combining organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended, with top-dressing applied according to the plant's growth stage.
In terms of cultivation, spring planting should begin once the minimum temperature reaches 5°C, while autumn planting typically occurs in August in North China, late August in the Yangtze River region, and from August to November in South China. In alpine areas, planting may start as early as June or July. Seedlings are commonly used due to the high cost of seeds, whether imported or domestic. Transplanting ensures uniform growth and easier management. Seedlings with 5–6 true leaves are transplanted into shaded areas to minimize root disturbance, spaced 50–60 cm apart. After transplanting, timely watering and fertilization with urea are essential. Watering should be done every 5–6 days, alternating between dry and moist conditions. During the rosette stage, increased watering helps develop a robust root system. Once the head begins to form, additional potassium and nitrogen are applied through furrow or injection methods. Watering should stop 10 days before harvest.
Pest control is crucial throughout the growing period, especially against aphids and cabbage worms. Prompt treatment is necessary to ensure healthy growth and maximize yield, ultimately leading to better economic returns.
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