Corn is the most commonly used feed in pig farming. However, due to its relatively simple nutritional profile, it lacks essential nutrients that pigs need for optimal growth and health. To maximize the benefits of corn in pig feeding, several important practices should be followed.
First, never feed pigs with corn alone. Using only corn results in poor feed efficiency, requiring over 6 kg of corn to produce just 1 kg of weight gain. In contrast, when using a balanced compound feed, the amount of corn needed drops to between 2.5 and 3 kg per kilogram of weight gain. This shows the importance of combining corn with other ingredients.
Second, consider saccharifying the corn before feeding. By converting some of the starch into sugar through a process called saccharification, the feed becomes more palatable and easier to digest. The method involves mixing corn flour with hot water (twice the volume of the flour), stirring into a paste, and then sprinkling a 5 cm layer of dry corn flour on top. Let it sit for 3–4 hours to complete the saccharification process.
Third, always supplement with protein sources. Corn has low protein content and poor quality, so it's essential to add high-protein feeds like soybean meal or rapeseed cake—about 15% of the diet. For piglets, adding 5% fish meal can significantly improve their growth and development.
Fourth, include mineral supplements. Corn is deficient in key minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements like selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Adding bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and other mineral sources ensures a well-balanced diet.
Fifth, provide vitamin-rich feed. Corn contains low levels of vitamins, so incorporating green feeds like grass or vegetables is ideal. If green feed isn't available, consider adding a vitamin premix to the diet to meet the pigs’ nutritional needs.
Sixth, avoid long-term storage of crushed corn. Due to its high fat content, crushed corn can go rancid quickly. It’s best to use freshly ground corn within 10–15 days, especially during warmer months when spoilage occurs faster.
Lastly, soak the corn before feeding. Soaking helps soften the grain, making it easier for pigs to chew and digest. The process involves mixing corn flour with 1–1.5 times its weight in water and letting it soak for 2 hours before feeding.
By following these guidelines, farmers can make the most of corn as a feed ingredient while ensuring the health and productivity of their pigs.
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