Verticillium wilt is often referred to as a "cancer" in cotton farming. Once it takes hold, it can significantly reduce yields, and in severe cases, lead to total crop failure. The challenge of controlling this disease is high, making it a major concern for farmers who "fear the sight of the lesion." After years of research and field experience, the author has compiled effective strategies for managing Verticillium dahliae. According to their findings, the key to prevention lies in "early defense" and integrated measures that create a multiplicative effect in reducing disease impact.
First, crop rotation proves to be one of the most effective methods. Field studies and scientific experiments have shown that rotating crops for just one year can reduce disease incidence by 20%, while a two-year rotation can lower it by 30%. A three-year rotation can cut it by 45%, and after four years, the reduction reaches around 65%. For fields that have been continuously planted with cotton, switching to crops like wheat, corn, melons, or legumes can significantly reduce the occurrence of Verticillium wilt. Deep plowing in the fall also helps improve soil structure and manage the disease.
Second, applying potassium and organic fertilizers has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of the disease. Based on proper nitrogen and phosphorus application, adding 10 kg of pure potassium per mu and 2 cubic meters of organic fertilizer can help lower the risk. In recent years, new products such as anti-double herbicides and chitin-based organic fertilizers have also demonstrated positive effects in controlling Verticillium wilt. Farmers are encouraged to conduct small-scale trials to see what works best for their fields.
Third, land leveling plays an important role in disease control. Low-lying areas tend to retain water after rain, which increases the likelihood of infection. In some cases, the disease incidence in these areas can reach 65% to 90%, while higher ground experiences only 10% to 21%. Ensuring even terrain, filling in low spots, and improving drainage systems are essential steps in preventing waterlogging and reducing the spread of the disease.
Fourth, selecting disease-resistant cotton varieties is a cost-effective strategy. New varieties such as Fufeng 197 and Shiyuan 345, developed through rigorous testing, show stronger resistance to Verticillium wilt. This year, the government introduced a subsidy policy for high-quality cotton seeds, giving farmers a great opportunity to grow resistant varieties and minimize disease damage.
Fifth, delaying sowing dates can help improve plant resilience. Early planting often leads to premature flowering and weaker seedlings, increasing vulnerability to disease. By postponing planting by 3 to 5 days, especially between April 20 and 30, farmers can ensure healthier growth and better disease resistance.
Lastly, removing plastic mulch at the right time is crucial. In early flowering stages, uncovering the film allows roots to develop more freely, enhancing both plant vigor and disease resistance. At the same time, using cultivators to loosen the soil helps with water infiltration and drainage, further supporting healthy plant growth.
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