The broodstock reach sexual maturity at around 10 months. Distinguishing between males and females can be challenging. Males tend to be more slender, while females are more plump and have a swollen appearance. The breeding setup involves a small tank measuring 30 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm, lined with hair silk grass at the bottom. The water temperature should range from 5°C to 26°C, with a pH between 5.6 and 6.5. It’s important to slowly acclimate the fish to these conditions, or alternatively, use very soft double-distilled water, adjust the pH and oxygen levels accordingly. A pair of broodfish is introduced in the evening, and females typically lay eggs by dawn the following day. After 4 to 5 days, the larvae begin feeding. Each female can produce between 200 to 300 eggs per spawning.
Breeding traffic lights (a type of small fish) is quite challenging due to their strict water quality requirements and delicate larval care. For the breeding water, very soft distilled water is used, then adjusted to a pH of 5.6–6.5 using sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The water is aerated for 2–3 days using a large air pump before being poured into wide-mouth glass bottles. A layer of nylon mesh is placed on the bottom of each bottle—mesh size must prevent the broodstock from passing through—and a small amount of hair silk grass is added. Each bottle houses one pair of broodfish. To maximize production, hatcheries often use 50 to 100 bottles.
In the evening, a pair of broodfish is placed in the bottle, and the bottle is covered with paper to create a dimly lit environment. Eggs are usually laid on the second day and can be observed around 10 a.m. Broodfish that successfully lay eggs are removed immediately, while those that haven’t laid eggs may stay. If no eggs are laid by the third or fourth day, they should be taken out. During the spawning period, feeding is stopped to avoid water contamination. Bottles with eggs are grouped together in one area.
At 9–10 p.m., an egg collection task is performed. Unfertilized white eggs are suctioned out using straws, and the fertilized eggs are transferred to a 30 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm fish tank for hatching. The water used for the hatching tank comes from the upper layer of the spawning bottles. Since the breeding water is highly acidic and soft, it must be used as hatching water, and new water cannot be used. Approximately 400–500 eggs are placed in each tank, and hatching occurs within 48 hours. The water temperature is maintained at 25°C, and it’s recommended to cover the tank with paper to reduce light exposure and prevent larval deformities.
Due to the small size of the larvae and limited movement, they feed directly through their mouths. After hatching, the yolk sac is sifted through a 200-mesh gauze and fed drop by drop using a straw. Once the larvae start swimming normally, they are fed with 150-mesh filtered yolk sacs. The growth rate of the larvae is slow, so they consume the yolk sac for a longer time compared to other small fish. Additionally, the water during hatching is extremely soft, and the temperature differs from the regular feeding water. When the larvae reach 5 mm in length, they are moved to a 50 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm aquarium with water at the same temperature as the daily feeding water. They are gradually acclimated to this environment. At this stage, they can be fed with baby brine shrimp. One to two oxytetracycline tablets can be dissolved in the water to prevent bacterial infections. When the larvae develop red and green coloration, they are transferred to larger tanks (80 cm or 100 cm long), where they continue to grow until reaching adulthood.
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