The broodstock reach sexual maturity at around 10 months. Distinguishing between males and females can be challenging. Males tend to be more slender, while females are generally more rounded and swollen. For breeding, a tank of 30 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm is used, covered with hair silk grass at the bottom. The water temperature should range from 5 to 26°C, with a pH between 5.6 and 6.5. It’s important to acclimate the fish gradually to avoid stress. Alternatively, very soft double-distilled water can be used, with pH and oxygen levels adjusted accordingly. A pair of broodstock is introduced in the evening, and females typically lay eggs during the early morning of the second day. After 4–5 days, the larvae begin to feed. Each female can lay between 200 and 300 eggs per spawning.
Breeding traffic light tetras is more complex due to their strict water quality requirements and delicate larval care. The breeding water must be extremely soft, so distilled water is used first. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is added to adjust the pH to 5.6–6.5, and the water is aerated with a strong air pump for 2–3 days before being transferred into large-mouth glass bottles. A nylon mesh (with small enough holes to prevent the fish from passing through) is placed at the bottom of each bottle, along with a small amount of hair silk grass. One pair of broodstock is placed in each bottle. To maximize production, hatcheries often use 50–100 bottles.
In the evening, a pair of broodfish is placed in the glass bottles, and the bottles are covered with paper to create a dimly lit environment. Eggs are usually laid on the second day and observed around 10:00 AM. Broodstock that produce good eggs are removed immediately, while those that haven’t laid eggs can stay. If no eggs are laid by the third or fourth day, they should be removed. During spawning, the fish must not be disturbed to maintain water quality. Bottles with eggs are gathered in one area. At 9–10 PM, an egg collection task is performed. Unfertilized white eggs are suctioned out using straws, while fertilized eggs are moved to a 30 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm tank for hatching. The hatching water comes from the upper layer of the spawning bottles, as the breeding water is highly acidic and soft. Fresh water cannot be used—only old water is suitable. Approximately 400–500 eggs are placed in each tank, and hatching occurs within 48 hours. The water temperature is maintained at 25°C, and it's recommended to cover the sides of the tank with paper to prevent light-induced deformities in the larvae.
Because the larvae are tiny and have limited movement, they feed directly through their mouths. After hatching, the yolk sac is filtered through a 200-mesh sieve and fed drop by drop using a straw. Once the larvae start swimming normally, they are fed with 150-mesh filtered egg yolk. Due to their slow growth, they consume yolk sacs over a longer period than other small species. The water quality for the larvae is extremely soft, and the temperature differs from the regular feeding water. When the larvae reach 5 mm in length, they are moved to a 50 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm aquarium with water that matches the daily temperature. They are gradually acclimated to the new water conditions. At this stage, they can be fed with baby brine shrimp. One or two oxytetracycline tablets can be dissolved in the water to prevent bacterial infections. When the larvae develop red and green coloration, they are transferred to larger tanks (80 cm or 100 cm long) and continue to grow until they become adult fish.
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