In mountainous areas, the level of farmers' farming is low, especially in fertilization, there are many misunderstandings, and the phenomenon of inappropriate fertilization is likely to occur, resulting in poor fertilizer efficiency, slow effect, and even plant death. Therefore, in the fertilization process, the following issues should be noted:
One, misunderstanding one: when fertilizing? Close to the stem of the plant, the fertilizer is easily absorbed. This is a phenomenon that exists in rural areas. This method of fertilization has great harm. Because the part of the plant that absorbs nutrients is in the root hair zone, the plant stems and roots (except for the root hair zone) absorb little or no nutrients, and when fertilizing? Near the plant stem (except for the seedling stage), the fertilizer is removed from the plant nutrient absorption site? Far, it is not easy to be absorbed. If too much fertilizer is applied and the concentration is too large, the phenomenon of “burning seedlings†occurs easily. Therefore, fertilization should be based on the growth of the plant's aboveground and underground root growth conditions to determine the location of fertilization to ensure the effect of fertilization.
Second, misunderstanding 2: After crops appear to lack of fertilizer, fertilization after fertilization is applied, it takes 3-5 days before the paddy field can be absorbed and utilized by the crops. It usually takes 5-7 days before it can be absorbed and utilized. Therefore, the crops are short of fertilizer. Phenomenon after the fertilization, will result in longer crop lack of fertilizer, resulting in reduced production, so the fertilization work should be based on the characteristics of the crop need fertilizer, paddy field fertilization 5-7 days in advance, dry land in advance 8-10 days fertilization. At the same time, the nutrient absorption of crops is also related to light, temperature, water, and fertilization methods (such as dry application, infiltration application, top dressing, etc.). Strong light, high temperature, and high moisture content accelerate the absorption of crop nutrients. On the contrary, absorption slows down. Fertilizers outside the roots are directly absorbed by the leaves due to nutrients. Therefore, they are effective and can be applied late, but the concentration should be low to prevent damage to the leaves. The application of fertilizer can directly infiltrate the roots of the fertilizer, and the effect is quicker, and it can also be applied later. The dry fertilizer application effect is slow and should be applied early.
Misunderstanding 3: As long as the crops grow well in nutrition, the growth of high-yielding crops can include two stages of vegetative growth and reproductive growth (except leafy vegetables and meat stem crops). The application of sufficient nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage can promote vegetative growth. However, if nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the reproductive growth stage, it will cause crop greediness, affect reproductive growth, hinder the transformation of nutrient substances, and instead reduce the yield and quality. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out according to crop growth conditions. Nitrogen fertilizers should be used in the early stage to promote vegetative growth, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used in combination in the middle and later stages to promote reproductive growth and increase yield.
Misunderstanding 4: As long as sufficient fertilizer is applied, the varieties and quantities of nutrients required for high-yield various crops during the whole growth period and for different growth periods will be different. If fertilization is not carried out according to the fertilizer requirement of the crop, first, the crop suffers from deficiency of nutrients, resistance to stress, and disease resistance, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Second, the requirement for some crops is small or almost not absorbed. The residual or loss of nutrients causes fertilizer waste. Therefore, the type and amount of fertilization should be determined according to the growth characteristics of the plant, and the fertilizer effect should be fully utilized.
V. Misunderstanding 5: As long as fertilizer is applied, there will be fertilizer effect of fertilizer effect and soil characteristics, crop nutrient absorption characteristics, fertilizer nutrient release characteristics, and water, gas, heat and many other conditions, if not fully consider the impact of various factors , it is very easy to cause nutrient loss, lack of fertilizer and other phenomena. Sandy soil fertility is fast, but the loss is also fast. Therefore, it should be carried out according to the principle of less application and multiple application. The clay loam fertilizer has a slower effect and should be used as a base fertilizer to apply early fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer has good solubility, but the loss is also fast. Therefore, timely fertilization should be based on the potassium requirement of crops. Organic and phosphate fertilizers have slower efficiency and less loss. They should be applied early. Ammonium hydroxide has a high volatility and can be combined with organic fertilizers or phosphate fertilizers. Fertilization after 1-2 days can reduce the loss of nutrients.
Misunderstanding 6: Only paying attention to the amount of fertilization and not paying attention to the nutrient content Some compound fertilizers appearing on the market are relatively widely used in rural areas due to their low unit prices. These compound fertilizers generally have a low content of active ingredients or low or no elemental content of any of the three major elements. However, farmers do not pay enough attention to these conditions and continue to fertilize high-concentration compound fertilizers, resulting in the application of nitrogen. Insufficient phosphorus, potassium, resulting in crops lack of fertilizer, lack of disease occurrence, affecting yield and quality. Therefore, when these compound fertilizers are used, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these compound fertilizers should be fully understood. According to the characteristics of various crops requiring fertilizers, combined use of element fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can ensure the normal growth of crops.
VII. Misunderstanding 7: Fertilization? Many benefits? According to the principle of diminishing returns, when the fertilization reaches a certain amount, the input-output ratio decreases, and the benefit decreases. If you fertilize too much, you will lose production. Therefore, according to the characteristics of fertilizer requirement, soil fertility, crop planting density, etc. during the whole crop growth period, with the principle of adequate supply but no waste, find the best fertilization program for fertilization, give full play to the fertilizer effect, and increase economic efficiency.
Misunderstanding 8: Focusing only on the application of a large number of elements, the application of a large number of elements without attention to trace elements is an essential element for the growth of crops, but some crops require more or less for a trace element during the whole growth period or a certain growth period. The lack of trace elements in the soil, if no increase in trace elements, will cause plant malformations, falling flowers, fruit production and quality decline. Therefore, while applying a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, it is necessary to apply various trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, and boron to ensure the normal growth of crops in light of the characteristics of the crop's fertilizer requirements and soil nutrient composition. .
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