First, dense planting and dwarf shaping.
The golden pear tree has an open growth habit, which makes it easy to form flowers and produces early yields, making it ideal for dense planting. The orchard can be laid out in a wide-row and densely planted pattern, with a spacing of 1 meter by 3 meters, resulting in approximately 222 trees per acre, oriented in a north-south direction. To quickly occupy the available space and achieve early fruiting and high yield, Y-shaped dwarf shaping is recommended. The process involves setting the trunk height to about 50 cm, selecting two main branches, and spreading them horizontally perpendicular to the row, extending in both directions. On these main branches, lateral buds are encouraged to develop into medium and short branches, while middle branches are cultivated into medium and short ones. Short branches are formed into small branch clusters. Each main branch should have 12-14 medium and short branches, arranged alternately. The first and second short branches are pruned back, and any upright shoots on the main branches are removed during summer and early autumn.
Second, select strong seedlings and build the orchard to high standards.
Choose seedlings that are about 100 cm tall, with a diameter of 1-1.2 cm at 10 cm above the graft union, and at least 8 full buds within the plastic band. Ensure the roots are complete, with three or more lateral roots, and avoid one-year-old seedlings with root rot. Before planting, dig up the old soil, excavate to a depth of 100 cm, and separate the topsoil from the subsoil. Place 20 cm of straw at the bottom of the planting hole, then mix 1,000 kg of well-decomposed livestock manure with the soil and fill the hole. Topsoil is placed at the lower part, and the subsoil at the upper part, forming a raised ridge before planting the pear seedlings.
Third, use pollination varieties and implement artificial pollination.
Pollination varieties for the golden pear include 'New Heights', 'Love', and 'Large Crystal'. Since the Y-shaped training method does not have a central leader, a vertical shoot can be reserved at the center. In the spring of the second year after planting, a 15 cm long branch with flower buds is grafted at the base of this central shoot. During the flowering period, remove the flowers from the appropriate branches for artificial pollination, avoiding cross-pollination between varieties. This ensures high yield and stable production.
Fourth, timely fruit bagging and proper fruit thinning.
Within 30 days after the physiological fruit drop, thin the fruits, leaving healthy leaves intact and removing pests, small, and deformed fruits. Spray before bagging. After the second year of planting, the golden pear will produce about 60 kg per mu in the third year, reaching 1,200 kg in the fourth year, and over 2,500 kg in the fifth year during full production. Aim for around 3,000 kg per mu during peak yield.
Fifth, integrated pest and disease control.
1. Proper fertilization to enhance tree resistance. Once the trees start bearing fruit, follow the principle of "fertilizing based on fruit load." Apply deep-fertilized farmyard manure annually. After flowering, apply nitrogen fertilizer, about 0.1–0.3 kg depending on the tree age. In mid-June, apply a strong fruit fertilizer containing potassium, along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and cake fertilizer—0.5–1 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1–0.3 kg of urea, and 0.5–1 kg of cake fertilizer. After harvesting, apply 0.5–1 kg of compound fertilizer to promote tree vigor and flower bud differentiation.
2. Use of pesticides for prevention and treatment. Before the spring buds open, spray 5° Brix lime sulfur. During the fruit growth period, choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides such as biological insecticides. After spraying, continue to monitor for pests and diseases.
3. Clear the orchard in winter by removing infested branches and dry twigs, burning or burying them away from the orchard. Spray 3° Brix lime sulfur promptly to eliminate overwintering adults and pathogens.
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