Cotton rotten bells, this situation occurs almost every year in varying degrees. Therefore, on the basis of clarifying the conditions and causes of the occurrence of cotton rotten bells, comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control, and efforts should be made to minimize the losses.
First, the conditions and causes of the occurrence of cotton rotten bells
Cotton rotten bells are caused by a variety of bacteria that infest the cotton bolls. Especially in rainy and cloudy weather, the humidity in the cotton field is relatively large, the closure of the plant is severe, and the ventilation and light transmission are poor. This is suitable for the multiplication of pathogens, the diseases are often serious, and the cotton rotten bell is also serious. Diseases of bolls mainly include diseases such as epidemic diseases, anthrax, keratoses, and red rot, among which the disease is the main damage type of rotten bell, accounting for 28.3% to 99.7% of the boll disease. Extensive management of cotton fields, pruning or control measures are not timely, plant prosperous, etc., are conducive to disease.
Second, cotton rotten bell prevention measures
1. Reasonable fertilization. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and use nitrogen fertilizer in an appropriate amount to prevent the growth of cotton plants, reduce the cover of cotton fields, and improve the ventilation and light transmission.
2. Drain in time. For low-lying, poorly drained and heavily-watered cotton fields, drains should be deepened to speed up drainage. Excluding the dark spot of cotton alum, improving cotton growth and development conditions, achieving multi-plummy cotton, not premature aging, and reducing the harm of the bell disease. In addition, for cotton drainage and prevention of cotton lodging problems, soil cultivation before the flowering of cotton is also an effective agronomic measure and should be promoted.
3. Adjust the bell. If the mulch cotton or early-onset cotton has too many peaches, the bad bell can be reduced by adopting effective measures to adjust the cotton bolling period and the area of ​​the bell.
4. Reasonable pruning. For the too narrow row, the premature closure of cotton fields, in order to reduce the excessive detritus in the field, improve the light conditions and ventilation conditions in the lower center, should be as soon as possible to beat the side, this can reduce the loss of bell buds and rotten bell.
5. Pick a sick bell. For more than 40 days in the bell period, the bolls have already faded and turned yellow and the black-spotted bolls have begun to pick up before being rotted. The picked bolls were soaked in a 1% ethylene solution and then dried to obtain cotton with better bolling.
6. Chemical control. Chemical control is an important measure for comprehensive prevention and control of cotton rotten bells, and targeted bactericide sprays are required. From August to September, when the weather forecast has cloudy weather for several consecutive days, spraying protection should be carried out in time. Spraying should be concentrated in the lower part of the cotton plant. Commonly used drugs are 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 58% metalaxyl MnZn WP can be diluted 600 to 800 times, 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder diluted 500 times and so on.
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