High-yield dairy cows feeding in different periods

During the dry period (15 days before milking is stopped until 15 days before delivery), the diet should be mainly high-quality green hay, and be fed with appropriate amount of green feed, tuber feed and fine feed. The feed should not be over-concentrated, and the general mixed concentrate is 2.5 kg. about. During the late period of dry milk, it is necessary to increase dietary nutrition and reduce the amount of calcium in the mixed concentrate to meet the postnatal needs of dairy cows. The fine and coarse feed ratio at this stage is determined to be about 3:7.

During the perinatal period (15 days before and after childbirth), the amount of concentrate feeding should be gradually increased for the cows before delivery, but the maximum amount of feed should not exceed 1% of the weight of the cattle (for cows with severe prenatal breast edema, it is not appropriate to feed more concentrate). At the same time, reduce salt feeding to prevent cows from constipation. After childbirth, drink hot bran and salt calcium soup 10 to 20 kg (500 grams of bran, 50 grams of salt, 50 grams of calcium carbonate) to facilitate recovery of the cow's strength and discharge of the placenta. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio was adjusted to 3:1 within 1 week after delivery.

The period of lactation (16 to 100 days after childbirth) requires nutrition at this stage, and part of it is to restore constitution, and it is mainly to meet the need of milk production. Cows reach the peak of lactation at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum, and can be fed by guided feeding at this time, that is, starting from the 5th day after giving birth. The cows are fed with high quality hay and sufficient drinking water. The amount of concentrate feed is increased by 0.5 kg per day. The feeding level is feeding. A standard of 1.2 times is needed until the lactation level no longer rises and then normal feeding begins. At this time, the amount of concentrate feed should be 2.5 kg of basic material, and 1 kg of concentrate should be added for every 2.5 kg of milk produced, and the ratio of fine and coarse feed should be 5:5.

Mid-lactation (101 to 200 days after childbirth) The intake of cows at this stage increases, the amount of concentrate fed should be reduced from the previous period, the ratio of fine to coarse material is 4:6, and the dry matter intake is 3.5% to 4.5% of body weight. . During the period, the milk production of dairy cows has steadily decreased, and the monthly reduction is 5% to 7%. Therefore, various effective measures should be taken to reduce milk production as much as possible.

Late lactation (between 201 days postpartum and before dry period) The milk production at this stage has dropped significantly (from 8% to 12% each month), the amount of concentrate feed should be reduced appropriately, and the amount of refined and coarse feed should be greater than 35. : 65 is appropriate. However, about 1 kg of concentrate should be added about 1 month before dry milk to ensure that the calves develop nutrients they need.

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