Weed types and their occurrence characteristics:
There are approximately 30 weed species found in winter wheat fields, including burr grass, alfalfa, gray green rattan, ash green sophora, lone vegetable, mustard, Ze lacquer, field bindweed, rice vase, and valerian. Some of these are particularly prevalent. In spring wheat fields, over 20 weed species pose serious threats, such as alfalfa, wild oats, field bindweed, reeds, wild mustard, radicchio, flat larvae, and large spiny worms.
Soil salinity plays a significant role in shaping weed communities. When the salinity reaches 0.3% or higher, weeds dominate. At around 0.1%, the number of weeds decreases while Setaria increases. When soil salt content is between 0.04% and 0.05%, drought- and flood-tolerant species become dominant.
Winter wheat fields experience a peak in weed emergence from late October to mid-November, with about 95–98% of seedlings appearing during this period. A smaller wave occurs from late March to mid-April. Severe infestations usually come from early-emerging weeds that grow densely, have strong competitiveness, and cause significant damage. These are the main targets for control. Pre-winter weeds are small and tender, making them more susceptible to herbicides, which makes it an ideal time for treatment. However, by spring, resistance may increase, reducing the effectiveness of chemical control. Therefore, applying herbicides during the sensitive growth stage in winter is crucial for optimal weed management and to minimize herbicide-related phytotoxicity.
In spring wheat fields, weed occurrence is closely linked to temperature and precipitation in early spring. Higher temperatures and rainfall lead to earlier and heavier weed infestations, while lower temperatures and less rain delay and reduce weed development. Weeds typically appear in mid to late April, and the best time for chemical control is in mid-May.
Comprehensive weed management in wheat fields includes several strategies. Crop rotation helps disrupt weed life cycles by changing the ecological environment. Deep plowing can bury weed seeds and destroy rhizomes, preventing regrowth. Soil treatment before sowing involves using herbicides like 40% oatmeal milk to control wild oats. Pre-seeding soil treatments with chlorotoluron or other herbicides also help suppress weeds. Manual weeding is essential to prevent spread through wind, water, or human activity.
Chemical control during the growing season is mainly done via foliar application. For broad-leaved weeds, products like DuPont Superstars, dimethyltetrachlorobenzene, and Maixi are effective. For mixed infestations of monocots and broadleaves, combinations such as 75% superstars, thrips, methamphetamine, and bentazon can be used. Timing is important—applications should occur after green-up but before jointing, avoiding adverse weather conditions.
Biological control methods, such as using small-winged moths to manage certain weeds, are being explored. Future efforts should focus on developing sustainable, long-term solutions for controlling invasive weed species.
Author unit: Yili 72 Group 7 Company
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